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Specific objectives are:
Outcome parameter for the pre-pregnancy study (i.): 1) Prevalence and severity of anaemia among non-pregnant Tanzanian women at fertile age and their nutritional status. 2) Incidence of conception among such women.
Outcome parameter for the pregnancy study (ii.): 1) Foetal growth rate in 2nd and 3rd trimester in offspring of anaemic mothers vs Foetal growth rate in non-anaemic mothers' offspring, 2) Comparison of anaemic mothers' vs non-anaemic mothers' newborn's body composition, placental villous branching, umbilical and uterine blood flow, VEGF-A/PlGF levels, and insulin-like growth factor axis.
For all analyses main exposure variable will be anaemia (Hb<5mmol/L) in 1st, 2nd and/or3rd trimester of pregnancy. Confounding exposure variables will be chronic health conditions (e.g. HIV), all temporary conditions mentioned above (e.g. malaria) as well as socioeconomic status and paternal characteristics. Regression modelling using both multiple linear and logistic regressions as well as modelling for repeated measures will be used for statistical analyses. For genetic and epigenetic changes, findings in the subgroup of 180 other/newborns, remaining significant after correction for multiple comparisons, will be validated in the remaining cohort. This will enable us within one study to replicate initial findings in one representative and distinct subgroup in another larger comparable study group from an overall homogenous study. Indeed, findings surviving both corrections for multiple testing in the initial hypothesis generating array approaches, as well as being replicated in the remaining study group with single target validation techniques, are highly likely to be biological important. Possible findings from the candidate gene approach will be corrected for multiple testing and the significant results will be compared with previous findings of the same genes from studies in muscle and adipose tissue conducted by Diabetes and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital.
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1,748 participants in 2 patient groups
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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