Genetic Testing in Predicting Tumor Response in Patients with Stage I-III HER2 Negative Invasive Breast Cancer

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Status and phase: Active, not recruiting; Phase 2

Conditions: Anatomic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage IB Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage IA Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage I Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage IIA Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage IIB Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage IIA Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage IA Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Prognostic Stage IB Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage IIB Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Prognostic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage I Breast Cancer AJCC V8; Anatomic Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC V8

Treatments: Procedure: Conventional Surgery; Other: Genetic Testing; Procedure: Biopsy

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; NIH

Identifiers

NCT01334021

NCI-2018-02476 (Registry Identifier)

2011-0007 (Other Identifier)

Details and patient eligibility

About

This phase II trial studies how well genetic testing works in predicting tumor response in patients with stage I-III HER2 negative invasive breast cancer. Genetic testing is a procedure that tests tumor samples to learn if certain genes are activated (turned on) in the tumor and if the activation of these genes may predict if the tumor will be sensitive or resistant to routine breast cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.

Full description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To determine the feasibility of implementation of molecular (genomic) predictive testing for patients with localized (stage I-III) invasive carcinoma of the breast who are candidates for either adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment of their breast cancer.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Estimate the frequency of tumors in each of the four molecularly defined cohorts, overall and within subsets defined by nodal status and estrogen receptor (ER) status.

II. Estimate the concordance of genomic analysis of gene expression levels for ER and HER2 from the microarray (published previously), compared with standard testing with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine ER and HER2 status in these tumors.

III. Estimate the rates of indeterminate results and other variables of feasibility for tissue obtained by different procurement methods including: fine needle aspiration, core needle biopsy or surgical resection.

IV. Estimate the impact of adjuvant therapy as measured by disease free survival (DFS) at 3 and 5 years for the patients within each cohort who received a neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment that is concordant with the application of the prediction result (i.e. chemotherapy [CT] with sequential taxane and anthracycline regimens +/- subsequent endocrine therapy [ET] if hormone receptor-positive) as follows: Group A: ET alone (without CT); Group B: CT followed by ET; Group C: CT alone; Group D: CT, followed by ET if hormone receptor positive.

V. Estimate the impact of neoadjuvant therapy for patients within each cohort, as measured by pathologic response in the breast and regional lymph nodes (pathologic complete response rate [pCR] and residual cancer burden [RCB]).

VI. Estimate the predictive performance of other pre-validated and published genomic predictors of chemotherapy or endocrine therapy sensitivity by calculating those predictions from the microarray data that are produced or by using available results if the test was performed separately for clinical use.

VII. Determine molecular characteristics of residual disease by analyzing resected surgical specimens of residual disease in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

VIII. Determine molecular characteristics of recurrent or metastatic disease by analyzing tumor tissue obtained from diagnostic biopsies of a recurrent or metastatic tumor and comparing these samples to the primary tumor.

OUTLINE:

Patients undergo biopsy or surgery to obtain tumor sample for genetic testing. Patients are then assigned to 4 treatment cohorts as determined by genetic test results.

After completion of study, patients are followed up for 5 years.

Enrollment: 1,100 estimated patients

Sex: Female

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• The patient can undergo biopsy or surgery of a primary tumor site for suspected or proven invasive breast cancer of clinical stage I to III; stage IV patients will be allowed and included in the feasibility assessment, but will not be included in outcomes analysis for secondary objectives
• The clinical or radiologic primary tumor size is at least 1 cm diameter

Exclusion criteria

• The patient has proven HER2-positive breast cancer, defined as a pathology report of amplification of the gene or 3+ score for immunohistochemical staining
• The patient has received prior systemic therapy or radiation therapy for breast cancer
• The patient has a prior history of invasive or metastatic cancer within 5 years of diagnosis of breast cancer, excluding squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma of the skin
• The patient had prior excisional biopsy of the primary invasive breast cancer
• There is hematoma or biopsy site changes that obscure the primary tumor
• Patients deemed medically ineligible for any adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Patients with ER-positive (+) tumors deemed medically eligible for hormonal therapy, but not chemotherapy will be considered eligible for this protocol. Patients with ER-negative (-) tumors who are not candidates for adjuvant anthracycline based chemotherapy will be considered ineligible for this protocol. Patients who undergo biopsy and are later found to be ineligible for adjuvant therapy will be assessed for the primary objective, but will be excluded from the secondary objectives

Trial design

1,100 participants in 1 patient group

Diagnostic (biopsy, surgery, genetic testing)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients undergo biopsy or surgery to obtain tumor sample for genetic testing. Patients are then assigned to 4 treatment cohorts as determined by genetic test results.

Treatment:

Procedure: Biopsy

Other: Genetic Testing

Procedure: Conventional Surgery