Gingival Health and Malocclusion Among Type 1 Diabetic Children and Adolescents

Universidade Federal Fluminense

Status: Active, not recruiting

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes; Malocclusion; Periodontal Diseases; Malocclusion in Children; Gingivitis

Treatments: Procedure: Periodontal therapy

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06291129

CAAE: 61347422.4.0000.5626

Details and patient eligibility

About

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the gingivitis, periodontal profile and malocclusion in children and adolescents with diabetes. Methods: The sample consisted of 36 children, who were distributed into two groups: DM; n=18 and NDM; n=18. Periodontal parameters considered were plaque Index (PI), gingival Index (GI), probing depth of pocket (PPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival biotype clinical parameters: Gingival transparency to probing, Height of keratinized mucosa and Gingival thickness on permanent incisors and molars. Malocclusion were evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Angle's Classification. The statistical analyses were Shapiro Wilk test and T test.

Full description

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the gingivitis, periodontal profile and malocclusion in children and adolescents with diabetes. Methods: The sample consisted of 36 children (age 8 to 18 years old), who were distributed into two groups: patients with type 1 diabetes (DM; n=18) and control patients without diabetes (NDM; n=18). Periodontal parameters considered were plaque Index (PI), gingival Index (GI), probing depth of pocket (PPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival biotype clinical parameters were evaluated by three aspects: Gingival transparency to probing, Height of keratinized mucosa and Gingival thickness on permanent incisors and molars. Malocclusion, its prevalence, severity and need of treatment were evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Angle's Classification. The statistical analyses were Shapiro Wilk test and T test.

Enrollment: 36 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 8 to 18 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• child or adolescent with the age between 8 and 18 years old

Exclusion criteria

• child or adolescent who had an active or inactive caries lesion, on the buccal surface, in the cervical region of the elements to be analyzed;
• participants with probing depth greater than or equal to 4 mm, which is characterized as periodontitis;
• the patient who is undergoing orthodontic treatment, with fixed appliance;
• smokers;
• pregnant women, nursing mothers.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Diagnostic

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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36 participants in 2 patient groups

Hematological and Periodontal Parameters

Other group

Description:

Hematological parameters were recorded - fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin - to confirm the allocation of each participant between the groups: diabetic (DM) and control (NDM). The clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (GI) full mouth (Ainamo \& Bay 1975), and plaque index (PI), probing depth of pocket (PPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival biotype clinical parameters were evaluated by three aspects: Gingival transparency to probing, Height of keratinized mucosa and Gingival thickness on permanent incisors and molars. For the periodontal parameters' examination, a periodontal probe PCP15 (PCP-UNC15, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL) was used, excluding third molars and erupting teeth. The intraexaminer agreement of the categorical variables (CAL) using the kappa calculation was 7.64, at the tooth level.

Treatment:

Procedure: Periodontal therapy

Orthodontic Parameters

No Intervention group

Description:

The clinical orthodontic parameters were recorded by the Angle's Classification, witch evaluated occlusion of right and left canines and molars, and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) that evaluates the prevalence of malocclusions, its severity and the need for treatment. DAI aspects evaluated were: upper teeth loss, lower teeth loss, crowding, spacing, diastema, maxillary misalignment, mandibular misalignment, anterior maxillary overjet, anterior mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, molar relationship.