Glycoprotein Matrix-Bound Iron Improves Iron Absorption

University of Mary Hardin-Baylor

Status: Completed

Conditions: Evaluation of Bioavailability of Supplemental Forms of Iron

Treatments: Dietary Supplement: dietary iron supplementation

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06738199

GPMiron

Details and patient eligibility

About

A double-blind, randomized crossover study was conducted that evaluated absorption kinetics of 3 forms of dietary supplement iron by measuring iron levels in the blood after acute ingestion.

Full description

Background: The biotransformation of minerals through glycosylation by microorganisms, such as yeast or probiotics, can produce nutrients bound to a food matrix, potentially enhancing their bioavailability. This study aimed to compare the absorption kinetics of iron bound to a glycoprotein matrix (GPM) with those of ferrous bisglycinate chelate (FBC) and ferrous fumarate (FF). Methods: In a double-blind, crossover design, 17 participants ingested 11 mg of iron in one of three forms: GPM (Pharmachem Innovation, Kearny, NJ, USA), FBC (Ferrochel®, Balchem Corp., Montvale, NJ, USA), or FF (FerroPharma Chemicals Ltd, Hungary). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 180-, 240-, 300-, 360-, 420-, and 480-minutes post-ingestion. Water intake was standardized throughout the protocol, and an iron-free snack was provided at 4 hours post-ingestion. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed, with key outcome variables including the area under the concentration vs. time curve (iAUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and time to maximum concentration (Tmax). The a priori significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Enrollment: 17 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 45 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Participants had to have a normal body weight [body mass index (BMI) of 19-24.99 kg/m2] and engage in recreational physical activity, as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines.
• Participants must be healthy and have no diagnosed chronic disease conditions

Exclusion criteria

• Participants were not allowed to consume any nutritional supplements known to affect the measures of the current study for at least 6 weeks prior to participation, including pro-, post- and prebiotics, as well as digestive enzymes.
• Individuals who were currently being treated for or diagnosed with a gastrointestinal, cardiac, respiratory, circulatory, musculoskeletal, metabolic, immune, autoimmune, psychiatric, hematological, neurological, or endocrinological disorder.
• Participants whose body mass had deviated by more than 2% in the previous 30 days
• Participants who were unwilling to abstain from alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine for 12 hours prior to each visit.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: Triple Blind

---

17 participants in 3 patient groups

glycoprotein matrix iron

Experimental group

Description:

Acute glycoprotein matrix iron was ingested to assess blood appearance levels from pre and at 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 180-, 240-, 300-, 360-, 420-, and 480-minutes post-ingestion.

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: dietary iron supplementation

ferrous bisglycinate chelate iron

Experimental group

Description:

Acute ferrous bisglycinate chelate iron was ingested to assess blood appearance levels from pre and at 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 180-, 240-, 300-, 360-, 420-, and 480-minutes post-ingestion.

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: dietary iron supplementation

ferrous fumarate iron

Experimental group

Description:

Acute ferrous fumarate iron was ingested to assess blood appearance levels from pre and at 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 180-, 240-, 300-, 360-, 420-, and 480-minutes post-ingestion.

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: dietary iron supplementation