Group Intervention for Improving Stigma Coping and Empowerment of People With Mental Illness (STEM)

Wolfgang Gaebel, Professor

Status

Completed

Conditions

Schizophrenia

Depression

Treatments

Behavioral: Interventional control of normal psychoeducational treatment

Behavioral: psychotherapeutic STEM modules

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT01655368

STEM

Details and patient eligibility

About

This multi-center, 2-arm interventional study within different mental health care settings (psychiatry: in-patient, day-unit and out-patient, as well as psychiatric rehabilitation) evaluates a psychotherapeutic group intervention to improve stigma coping and empowerment using a psychotherapeutic module embedded in a psychoeducational group therapy.

Full description

People with mental illness suffer both from the burden of disease itself and from the social stigma related to mental illness, hence impeding their treatment (Sartorius et al. 2005, Link et al. 1999). Negative attitudes towards and discriminating behavior against people with mental illness negatively affect health care utilization, the course of disease, compliance, self-esteem, and social functioning (Sirey et al. 2001, Link et al. 2001, Perlick et al. 2001). Internalizing negative social stereotypes (self-stigmatization; Ritsher et al. 2003, Watson et al. 2007) impairs the quality of life and leads to social withdrawal (Rüesch 2005). Furthermore, self stigma is associated with lower empowerment (Ritsher et al. 2004), a poorer social network (Lysaker et al. 2007), lower compliance (Fung et al. 2008) and a higher extent of symptoms (Corrigan et al. 2006). The stigma of mental illness leads to an impaired pursuance of individual life goals, as job-related ambitions or living in a relationship (Rüesch 2005).

Current approaches targeting the stigma of mental illness primarily focus on education about mental illness in different target groups (e.g. Gaebel et al. 2003, 2004) and can be successful, if appropriately implemented (Gaebel et al. 2008). Yet there is a lack of RCT-tested psychotherapeutic approaches which directly address patients with mental illness improving their skills of coping with stigma and discrimination. Therefore it is intended to develop, manualise, and to evaluate such a psychotherapeutic group intervention within a randomized clinical control group design.

In this context, group-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy has been proved as efficient therapeutic approach for patients with depression (cf. McDermut et al. 2006) and with schizophrenia (cf. Lawrence et al. 2006, Barrowclough et al. 2006) in different settings. Patients can serve each other as role models and will modify negative self-related cognitions, thus developing new cognitions supporting self-esteem (Corrigan et al. 2001). The following interventional effects should improve the patients' quality of life and also result in a reduction of frequency and length of inpatient stays and sickness-related absenteeism:

improved skills to cope with negative stigmatizing experiences,
a reduced burden through of self-stigmatizing cognitions,
a better utilization of resources for disease managing in coherence with reduced self-stigmatization, and
an improved coping with stigma-related conflicts at work.

Enrollment

486 patients

Sex

All

Ages

18 to 65 years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Age 18 - 65 years
ICD-10 diagnosis of F2, F31.3-31.5, F32-34, F34.2, F43.2
patients who would participate in a psychoeducational group therapy in their regular treatment
written informed consent of the patient willing to participate
capacity of giving consent (as diagnosed by the investigator)

Exclusion criteria

insufficient knowledge of german language (reading, understanding and speaking not sufficient, as judged by the investigator)
acute psychotic or dissociative condition