High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy

University Health Network, Toronto

Status

Enrolling

Conditions

Patients With Prostate Cancer

Treatments

Procedure: MRI Guided Needles to deliver HDR Brachytherapy

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT00913939

UHN REB 09-0026-C

Details and patient eligibility

About

This pilot study initiates a research program testing the early technical and clinical performance of a novel procedure for MRI-guided high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy. Testing will proceed in two cohorts of patients. In Arm 1, patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy will receive tumor-targeted salvage HDR brachytherapy. Arm 1 of the study will be coordinated and closely integrated with a separate concurrent study of MRI-guided prostate biopsy, which will be performed prior to accrual to Arm 1 of this trial (UHN 05-0641-C). In arm 2, patients with locally advanced prostate cancer will receive a boost of prostate-targeted HDR brachytherapy during external beam radiotherapy.

This technique will be prospectively evaluated in up to 100 patients. Preliminary data acquired in this pilot study will determine the technical limits of MRI guided HDR brachytherapy and will be critical for the judicious conduct of a subsequent phase II clinical trial.

This proposal is innovative in two fundamental ways: MRI-guidance, and specific tumor targeting for HDR brachytherapy. Successful completion of this study will further individualize local therapy, not only for the benefit of the proportion of cancer patients for whom initial radiotherapeutic interventions have failed, but also provide valuable technical and clinical validation that these novel image-guided (IG) approaches are clinically feasible and could be applied more broadly in prostate cancer therapy.

Full description

Two hundred and nineteen thousand new cases of prostate cancer have been projected in the Unites States for 2007, with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) constituting the mainstay of local therapy for an increasing proportion of newly diagnosed patients. Despite improvements in the delivery and reduction in associated toxicity of external beam radiotherapy, local persistence or recurrence of disease remains prevalent in 25-51% of patients. Local disease after EBRT is a risk factor for subsequent metastatic progression and prostate cancer-specific mortality, and is a cause of morbidity including hematuria, obstructive uropathy, and chronic pain. Given its prevalence, and the lack of satisfactory local salvage treatments, fear of prostate cancer recurrence has been shown to impose a substantial burden of suffering in patients.

Stereotactic needle placement under MRI-guidance enables two critical steps in tumor-targeted brachytherapy: 1) directly guiding brachytherapy catheters to sites of tumor recurrence, and 2) permitting treatment planning and delivery to be based on 3D MRI images. MRI-based HDR brachytherapy will precisely identify the location of brachytherapy catheters relative to the target volumes and adjacent normal structures at risk of radiation injury, obviating the need for invasive saturation (24-100) mapping biopsies.

This study will build the evidence supporting the concept of MRI-guidance and tumor-targeted HDR brachytherapy in the management of prostate cancer. This trial will strive to demonstrate improvements in technical performance under MRI-guidance, while exploring a novel paradigm of patient-specific modulation of dose intensity based on regions of tumor burden.

Enrollment

400 estimated patients

Sex

Male

Ages

18+ years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Prior enrollment of UHN 05-0641-C or UHN 12-5015-C (Arm 1)
Histological evidence of recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma (Arm 1)
PSA doubling time > 6 months (Arm 1)
High-risk localized prostate cancer (>T2 or G>7 or PSA>20) (Arm 2)
Planned for EBRT + HDR boost (+/- hormone therapy) (Arm 2)
ECOG 0 or 1
Age > 18 years
Informed consent: All patients must sign a document of informed consent indicating their understanding of the investigational nature and risks of the study before any protocol related studies are performed.

Exclusion criteria

Radiological evidence of regional or distant metastases
Contraindications to MRI (Patient weighing >136kg (scanner weight limit), Patients with pacemakers, cerebral aneurysm clips, shrapnel injury, or implantable electronic devices not compatible with MRI)
Bleeding diathesis and anti-coagulative therapy that cannot be temporarily ceased during brachytherapy
Previous prostate brachytherapy
Active hormonal therapy (Arm 1)

->50% of contiguous sextants involved with tumor (Arm 1)
Previous pelvic radiotherapy (Arm 2)
Contraindications to endorectal coil, surgically absent rectum, severe hemorrhoids or colorectal surgery.
Latex Allergy
Contraindications to conscious sedation, local anesthesia, or spinal/epidural anesthesia.
IPSS >18
Large TURP defect
TURP within the past 6 months
Prostate gland size >80cc
History of Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease, Ataxia Telangiectasia, or SLE
Other medical conditions deemed by the PI to make patient ineligible for MRI-guided Prostate HDR brachytherapy.

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Non-Randomized

Interventional model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

None (Open label)

400 participants in 2 patient groups

1: Salvage After EBRT

Active Comparator group

Description:

Patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy will receive tumor-targeted salvage HDR brachytherapy. Arm 1 of the study will be coordinated and closely integrated with a separate concurrent study of MRI-guided prostate biopsy, which will be performed prior to accrual to Arm 1 of this trial (UHN 05-0641-C).

Treatment:

Procedure: MRI Guided Needles to deliver HDR Brachytherapy

2: Boost to EBRT

Active Comparator group

Description:

Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer will receive a boost of prostate-targeted HDR brachytherapy during external beam radiotherapy.

Treatment:

Procedure: MRI Guided Needles to deliver HDR Brachytherapy