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Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Alleviates Persistent Proteinuria in IgA Nephropathy (HCQIgAN)

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College logo

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Status and phase

Unknown
Phase 4

Conditions

Primary IgA Nephropathy

Treatments

Drug: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
Drug: Valsartan

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT02765594
PUMCHHCQIgAN01

Details and patient eligibility

About

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world.There is to date no curative therapy for patients with IgAN.It is considered that dendritic cells, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-alpha (IFN-a) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), play an important role in the aberrant mucosal response. Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial agent and had a notable impact on immune activation by the reduction of circulating activated immune cells that including decreased TLR-expressing cells, reduced IFN-secreting plasmacytoid dendritic cells, reduced production of inflammatory cytokines including interferon alpha, IL-6 and TNF alpha. Recent studies showed hydroxychloroquine had a benefit for renal remission and could retard the onset of renal damage in patients with lupus nephritis. hydroxychloroquine may have the potential effect in IgA nephropathy, alleviated the proteinuria and had the renal protect effect. This will be a single center, prospective, randomized, controlled study to assess the utility of hydroxychloroquine in IgAN patients.

Full description

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world. Its estimated frequency is at least 2.5 cases per year per 100,000 adults. The glomerulopathy usually progressed slowly leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). ESRD developed in 20%-40% of patients after 20 years. Given its complex and as yet incompletely understood pathogenetic mechanisms, there is to date no curative therapy for patients with IgAN.

Although pathogenesis of IgAN is still obscure, underglycosylated IgA-containing immune-complex including IgG or IgA antibodies against the hinge region of IgA1 are key factors for IgA nephropathy. Aberrant mucosal immune response might lead to increased production of underglycosylated IgA1. It is considered that dendritic cells, Toll-like receptor (TLR)9, and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), , interferon-alpha (IFN-a) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), play an important role in the aberrant mucosal response.

Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial agent and had a notable impact on immune activation by the reduction of circulating activated immune cells that including decreased TLR-expressing cells, reduced IFN-secreting plasmacytoid dendritic cells, reduced production of inflammatory cytokines including interferon alpha, IL-6 and TNF alpha. Recent studies showed hydroxychloroquine had a benefit for renal remission and could retard the onset of renal damage in patients with lupus nephritis.

Therefore, hydroxychloroquine, targeting dendritic cells, TLR, IL-6, IFN-α and TNF-α,may have the potential effect in IgA nephropathy, alleviated the proteinuria and had the renal protect effect. This will be a single center, prospective, randomized, controlled study to assess the utility of hydroxychloroquine added to valsartan in IgAN patients.

Enrollment

98 estimated patients

Sex

All

Ages

18 to 60 years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  1. biopsy proven primary IgA nephropathy
  2. age 18-60 years
  3. proteinuria range from 0.5 to 1.5g/d
  4. serum creatinine ≤132.6μmol/L
  5. normal blood pressure or blood pressure ≤130/80 mmHg in patients with hypertension

Exclusion criteria

  1. Hypersensitivity to chloroquine or to hydroxychloroquine
  2. blood pressure <90/60 mm Hg
  3. pregnancy and breastfeeding women
  4. renal artery stenosis
  5. Rapidly progressive renal insufficiency
  6. systemic lupus erythematosus or other connective tissue diseases
  7. Henoch- schoenlein purpura
  8. other nephritis
  9. diabetes mellitus
  10. retinopathy
  11. other contraindication of hydroxychloroquine
  12. severe hepatic insufficiency
  13. G6PD deficiency
  14. psoriasis or porphyria
  15. malignant hypertension
  16. viral hepatitis or other infections
  17. treatment with steroids or cytotoxic drugs during the previous three months
  18. psychiatric disorder
  19. not suitable for the study judged by investigator

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

None (Open label)

98 participants in 2 patient groups

valsartan only:control group
Experimental group
Description:
valsartan (160mg/d)
Treatment:
Drug: Valsartan
hydroxychloroquine with valsartan:study group
Experimental group
Description:
valsartan (160mg/d) and Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate ( 400mg/d, twice daily)
Treatment:
Drug: Valsartan
Drug: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

Trial contacts and locations

1

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Central trial contact

RUITONG GAO, MD

Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

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