IL-2 in Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis

Seoul National University

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 2; Phase 1

Conditions: Encephalitis

Treatments: Drug: Proleukin

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02714959

1510112713

Details and patient eligibility

About

The purpose of this study is to determine whether low-dose IL-2 is effective in refractory autoimmune encephalitis.

Full description

Autoimmune encephalitis is a recently recognized etiology of encephalitis which is mediated by various autoantibodies targeting neural cells or synapses. The responses to immunotherapy is generally good, considerable proportion of patients with autoimmune encephalitis have unfavorable clinical outcomes. Recently, depletion of regulatory T cell (Treg cell) is reported in variable autoimmune diseases and multiple studies have shown that low-dose interleukin-2(IL-2) specifically activates Treg cells to control autoimmunity and inflammation.

Protocol: This study is a single arm open-label study assessing clinical responses to the administration of low-dose IL-2 in autoimmune encephalitis patients who are refractory to first- and second-line immunotherapy.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of low-dose IL-2 in autoimmune encephalitis, resistant to first- and second- line immunotherapy.

Methods: This is a single arm open-label study. Each patients will receive four cycles of subcutaneous Proleukin (Interleukin-2, IL-2) (Week-1; 1.5 million IU (MIU)/d from Day-1 to Day-5, Week-3, -6, -9; 3MIU/d from Day-1 to Day-5) in the hospital. The patients will be followed up for 3 months (Week-21).

Primary outcome - clinical efficacy by modified Rankin Scale Secondary outcome - Immunologic follow-up of Treg cells before, during, and after IL-2 therapy, quality of life, cognitive function, side effect of low-dose IL-2

Enrollment: 10 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 19 to 80 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age > 18 years
• Clinical diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis
• Positive for autoantibody (serum and or CSF) : NMDAR, anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1(LGI-1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA) 1, AMPA2, GABAB-R, anti-Hu, -Yo, -Ri, -Ma2, -CV2/collapsing response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5), -amphiphysin, or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
• Refractory to first-line (high-dose steroid or intravenous immunoglobulin) and second line (rituximab or cyclophosphamide) immunotherapy
• Written informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• low hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count<1600/mm3, lymphocytes <600/mm3, platelets <140,000/mm3
• heart failure (≥ grade III NYHA), hepatic insufficiency (aspartate amino transferase >200 IU/L, amino alanine transferase, >200 IU/L), or lung failure
• Positive for HIV serology, active hepatitis B
• Significant abnormality in chest X-ray other than these linked to the diseases under investigation
• Infection
• Other progressive neurological degenerative disease.
• Poor venous access not allowing repeated blood tests
• pregnant or lactating women

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

---

10 participants in 1 patient group

Proleukin

Experimental group

Description:

Proleukin (subcutaneous injection) 1.5 MIU/day from day 1 to 5 at W1 3 MIU/day from day 1 to day 5 at W3, W6, and W9

Treatment:

Drug: Proleukin