Immersive Virtual Reality to Reduce Procedural Pain During IV Insertion in Children in the Emergency Department

The Hospital for Sick Children

Status: Completed

Conditions: IV Insertion in the Emergency Department

Treatments: Device: Virtual Reality Program; Device: iPad Tablet

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03435367

1000058799

Details and patient eligibility

About

Venipuncture and intravenous (IV) access continue to be the most common causes of pain and distress among children in the pediatric emergency department. Virtual reality has been successful for reducing pain and fear in many clinical scenarios, including port access in oncology patients, anxiety disorders, phobias, burn and wound care and others. There is only one previous study examining virtual reality distraction to reduce procedural pain during IV insertion in pediatric patients and no previous studies examining this in the emergency department setting. In this study, the investigators will compare immersive virtual reality (an interactive underwater environment) to the current standard (tablet device/iPad playing a movie) for distraction to reduce procedural pain during IV insertion. The investigators hypothesize that the immersive quality of the virtual reality will reduce patient's pain scores, fear scores and tachycardia during and after the procedure, and have minimal effect on departmental flow and nursing satisfaction. If this feasibility pilot study yields positive results, the investigators plan to expand to a larger randomized control trial.

Full description

This study is a pilot randomized control trial that aims to (a) to determine the differences in self-reported and proxy-reported pain and fear during IV insertion between the interactive VR intervention and control group, and (b) to assess the feasibility (safety, acceptability) of the VR intervention to children/families and the healthcare team in the pediatric emergency department. The study will consist of two study arms, where both study arms will be screened and recruited using the same procedure. Participants will be randomized into either (1) Control group: child life specialist plays an age-appropriate video on a tablet device, or (2) Intervention (VR Distraction): child life specialist facilitates immersive VR experience. Both the intervention and control groups will receive standard medical care (e.g., topical anesthetics). A convenience sample of 80 children and adolescents with cancer (40 participants per treatment arm; 20 boys and 20 girls per treatment arm) will be recruited. In addition to usual care, children in the experimental condition will wear the VR headset plus headphones. In the control condition, children will watch a video (i.e., an age-appropriate video selected by an emergency department affiliated child life specialist) on an iPad, while wearing the same headphones as in the experimental condition. Implementation outcomes include accrual and retention rates, acceptability and technical difficulties. Effectiveness outcomes include child pain, distress, and fear, as well as parent distress.

Enrollment: 58 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 8 to 18 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria will be:

1. aged 8-17 years
2. able to speak and understand English
3. parent/guardian present
4. medically stable (CTAS 2, 3, 4 or 5; IV insertion +/-20 minutes will not impact the safety of the patient according to treating medical team)
5. requires IV insertion

Exclusion criteria will be:

1. visual, auditory or cognitive impairments precluding interaction with the VR intervention or reporting pain and fear
2. psychiatric conditions that could be exacerbated by the VR environment (i.e. hallucinations)
3. skin, face or ear infections or injuries, which could contaminate the intervention equipment
4. medically unstable (CTAS 1; patient requires immediate IV insertion)

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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58 participants in 2 patient groups

Intervention Group (VR)

Experimental group

Description:

The patient will be allowed to 'try-out' the VR system (including all auditory and visual features) for ~5 minutes prior to the start of the procedure. In addition to usual care, consisting of child-life presence and topical analgesics if ordered by the treating medical team, children in the experimental condition will wear the VR HMD plus headphones and hold the VR controller.

Treatment:

Device: Virtual Reality Program

Control Group (Standard Care - Video)

Active Comparator group

Description:

The patient will be allowed to watch an age-appropriate video on a tablet device. The patient will be offered to wear the same headphones as in the experimental condition. The patient will have the tablet and headphones for ~5 minutes prior to the start of the procedure. In addition, the patient will receive standard care consisting of a child life specialist and topical analgesics (if ordered by the treating medical team).

Treatment:

Device: iPad Tablet