Impact of White Noise and Stress Balls on Anxiety, Fetal Well-Being, and Surgical Fear in Elective Cesareans (Nonstrestest)

Inonu University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Non Stress Test (NST); Elective Cesarean Section

Treatments: Other: only stress ball; Other: White noise + stress ball; Other: only white noise

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07276594

2025/140

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study aims to determine the effect of white noise and stress balls administered during NST on anxiety, fetal well-being, and fear of surgery in pregnant women scheduled for planned cesarean sections. A total of 168 pregnant women will be included in the study, divided into 4 groups (white noise group, stress ball group, white noise group + stress ball group, and control group).

Full description

Participants will only be exposed to white noise and stress ball therapy; no invasive procedures will be performed.

Experimental Group Participants will be invited to participate in the study through face-to-face interviews conducted individually. Participants assigned to the experimental group via randomization will be informed about the study and their consent will be obtained.

Pregnant women who agree to participate in the study will receive the intervention starting 15 minutes before the NST application and continuing throughout the NST application; those in the white noise group will listen to white noise, those in the stress ball group will receive the stress ball intervention, and those in the white noise + stress ball group will listen to white noise and receive the stress ball intervention. Before the session begins, the "Informative Information Form," "NST Findings Record Form," "Surgical Fear Scale," and "Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory" will be administered. After the NST application, the "NST Findings Record Form," "Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory," and "Surgical Fear Scale" will be administered.

Control Group Participants will be invited to participate in the study through face-to-face interviews conducted individually. Participants in the control group will be informed about the study and their consent will be obtained according to the randomization method. No intervention other than routine care will be performed. Participants in the control group will first be administered the "Informative Information Form," "NST Findings Record Form," "Surgical Fear Scale," and "Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory" for the pre-test. After the NST application is completed, the "NST Findings Record Form," "Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory," and "Surgical Fear Scale" will be administered.

Enrollment: 168 patients

Sex: Female

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥18 years

  • No communication barriers
  • 32-38 weeks of gestation,
  • Planning a cesarean delivery,
  • No risk factors during pregnancy (preeclampsia, IUGR, premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes, etc.),
  • Single pregnancy,
  • No health problems (such as fetal anomaly, intrauterine growth restriction) in the fetus

Exclusion criteria

• Having any risk factors during pregnancy (preeclampsia, IUGR, premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes, etc.)

  • Having a multiple pregnancy
  • Having a fetus with any health problems (such as fetal anomaly, intrauterine growth restriction) Exclusion criteria from the study
  • Incomplete responses to the survey questions
  • Wish to withdraw from the study,
  • Development of a risk condition during pregnancy,

Trial design

Primary purpose: Supportive Care

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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168 participants in 4 patient groups

Group 1

Experimental group

Description:

only white noise group

Treatment:

Other: only white noise

Group 3

Experimental group

Description:

white noise + stress ball group

Treatment:

Other: White noise + stress ball

Group 2

Experimental group

Description:

Only stress ball

Treatment:

Other: only stress ball

Group 4

No Intervention group

Description:

standard care group