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Cardioembolism is a postulated mechanism of an embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). The investigators will measure endothelial glycocalyx, aortic elastic properties, oxidative stress, and their association with left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) function in ESUS and age- and sex-adjusted healthy individuals.
Full description
The investigators aim to evaluate consecutive acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients satisfying ESUS diagnostic criteria in a single tertiary care stroke center (University Hospital, Athens, Greece). Moreover, baseline characteristics and outcome measures for all AIS patients are going to be recorded and further be classified, according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) and ESUS criteria. Healthy volunteers (colleagues, friends, relatives and others) will be included in the control group.
In participants (patients and controls) the investigators plan to measure: a) perfused boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels (range 5-25 micrometers), a marker inversely related with glycocalyx thickness, b) pulse wave velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and augmentation index (AIx), c) LV Global Longitudinal strain (GLS), d) LA volume and strain using speckle-tracking strain imaging, e) Malondialdehyde (MDA), as an oxidative stress marker.
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Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
The clinical entity of ESUS is defined according to the criteria proposed by the Cryptogenic Stroke/ESUS International Working Group:
(1) stroke visualized by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is not lacunar (Lacunar defined as a subcortical infarct 1.5 cm or 2.0 cm on MRI diffusion images in largest dimension), (2) absence of extra-cranial or intra-cranial atherosclerosis causing >50% luminal stenosis or occlusion of arteries supplying the area of ischemia (Requires extra-cranial and intra-cranial arterial imaging using sonography, computed tomography angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography of the relevant arteries) (3) no major-risk cardioembolic source of embolism by history, electrocardiography, echocardiography and >24 h of cardiac rhythm monitoring [Permanent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, sustained atrial flutter, intra-cardiac thrombus, mechanical prosthetic cardiac valve, atrial myxoma or other cardiac tumors, moderate/severe mitral stenosis, recent (<4 weeks) myocardial infarction, valvular vegetations, or infective endocarditis] (4) no other specific cause of ischemic stroke identified (e.g. arteritis, dissection, migraine/vasospasm, drug abuse)
Exclusion Criteria
These exclusion criteria are applied to both patients and control subjects.
124 participants in 2 patient groups
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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