Implementation of CYP2C19 Genotyping to Guide Antiplatelet Therapy

University of Florida

Status: Completed

Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease

Treatments: Device: SpartanRX

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other; NIH

Identifiers

NCT02724319

U01HG007269 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

IRB201703131 (Other Identifier)

Details and patient eligibility

About

It is well established that clopidogrel-induced antiplatelet effects is suboptimal in many patients who are thus exposed to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Studies have shown that genotypes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 enzyme, which is a key determinant of clopidogrel metabolism, contribute to these findings. Prasugrel and ticagrelor are alternative agents whose effectiveness is not dependent on CYP2C19 genotype. A boxed warning on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clopidogrel labeling warns of reduced effectiveness in patients with the LOF genotype and recommends alternative therapies in these patients. The availability of an assay recently approved by the FDA, SpartanRX, which provides results within one-hour facilitates performing genetic testing as a clinical test in real-world practice. We therefore propose to 1) examine the feasibility of implementing CYP2C19 genotyping using SpartanRX as standard of care for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization at UF Health Jacksonville providing the opportunity for clinicians to embrace genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy in those who proceed to PCI and 2) determine if CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes after PCI.

Full description

Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor represents the standard of care treatment for the prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Currently, 3 oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitors (clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor) are available for clinical use. Clopidogrel remains the most broadly used P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. However, it is well established that clopidogrel-induced antiplatelet effects is suboptimal in many patients who are thus exposed to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Studies have shown that genotypes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 enzyme, which is a key determinant of clopidogrel metabolism, contribute to these findings. In fact, clopidogrel is a prodrug that requires bioactivation by the CYP2C19 enzyme. Approximately 30-40% of individuals have the loss-of-function (LOF) CYP2C19 genotype and cannot sufficiently convert clopidogrel to its active form, thereby gaining little to no benefit from the drug. Prasugrel and ticagrelor are alternative agents whose effectiveness is not dependent on CYP2C19 genotype. A boxed warning on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clopidogrel labeling warns of reduced effectiveness in patients with the LOF genotype and recommends alternative therapies in these patients. Guidelines from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) specifically recommend prasugrel or ticagrelor over clopidogrel for patients with a LOF CYP2C19 genotype who undergo PCI. In turn, these recommendations have led to the use in clinical practice of genetic testing of CYP2C19 genotypes as an aid to clinicians in determining therapeutic strategies for patients undergoing PCI. However, the uptake of genetic testing in real-world clinical practice has been limited by the availability of assays able to provide genetic results in a timely fashion. The availability of an assay recently approved by the FDA, SpartanRX, which provides results within one-hour facilitates performing genetic testing as a clinical test in real-world practice. We therefore propose to 1) examine the feasibility of implementing CYP2C19 genotyping using SpartanRX as standard of care for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization at UF Health Jacksonville providing the opportunity for clinicians to embrace genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy in those who proceed to PCI and 2) determine if CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes after PCI.

Enrollment: 1,000 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥18 years
• Undergoing left heart catheterization for signs and symptoms suggestive for CAD

Exclusion criteria

• Inability to provide written informed consent.

Trial design

1,000 participants in 1 patient group

Left heart catheterization patients

Description:

Patients presenting to the UF Health Jacksonville cardiac catheterization laboratory for left heart catheterization for suspected coronary artery disease and intent to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention will be targeted for enrollment and will be genotyped by SpartanRX

Treatment:

Device: SpartanRX