Influence of nCPAP on Metabolic Consequences Associated With OSAS

Federal University of São Paulo

Status: Completed

Conditions: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome; Obesity

Treatments: Procedure: nasal continuous positive airway pressure

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT00435643

12383

Details and patient eligibility

About

Context: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Recurrent episodes of occlusion of upper airways during sleep result in hormonal changes that may predispose to high cardiovascular risk.These risks can rapidly be reduced by effective nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy Objective: To evaluate hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, insulin resistance, blood pressure values and adipokines in severe obese patients with and without OSAS and to determine if continuous positive airway pressure therapy (nCPAP) influenced responses.

Full description

Background: There is evidence that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation may be the mechanism of this relationship. We evaluate HPA axis and metabolic consequences in obese patients with and without OSAS and we determine if continuous positive airway pressure therapy (nCPAP) influenced responses.

Methods: Plasma inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance index, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and overnight cortisol suppression test with 0.25 mg of dexamethasone were performed in 22 severe obese patients with OSAS and 23 obese controls. Ten patients with severe apnea were re-evaluated three months after nCPAP therapy.

Results: Body mass index, abdominal circumference, blood pressure levels and insulin resistance indexes of OSAS patients and obese controls were very similar. In OSAS patients, adiponectin (p<0.05) and salivary cortisol suppression pos DEX (p<0.05) were lower, while heart rate (p<0.05) and TNF-alpha levels (p<0.05) were higher compared with obese controls. After nCPAP therapy, patients showed a reduction in heart rate (p=0.036) and a higher cortisol suppression after dexamethasone (p=0.001) and there were no differences in insulin resistance (HOMA p=0.139), arterial blood pressure (p=0.183) and adipokines compared with baseline. Cortisol suppression was positively correlated with the improvement of apnea hypopnea index while on nCPAP therapy (r= 0.799, p=0.010).

Conclusions: Patients with OSAS present nocturnal hypercortisolism, hyperactivity of sympathetic central nervous system, a higher degree of inflammation and hypoadiponectinemia independent of the body mass index. Furthermore, hyperactivity of HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system are recovered by nCPAP.

Enrollment: 45 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 65 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Aged from 18 to 65 years
• Body mass index between 35-60 who were submitted to polysomnography

Exclusion criteria

• History of smoking
• Sleep apnea treatment
• Cardiovascular disease
• Malignancies tumor
• Thyroid disorders
• Depression
• Subjects with known diabetes mellitus on medications
• Chronic renal or hepatic failure
• On hormonal replacement therapy, as well as use of medication that could potentially affect steroid hormone or cytokines secretion (alcohol, psychotropics, steroids, sympathomimetics, beta-blockers).

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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45 participants in 1 patient group

A

Active Comparator group

Description:

10 patients with severe OSAS (Apnea Hypopnea Index of more than 30 events per hour of sleep) were treated with nCPAP for three months and all mentioned measurements above were repeated.

Treatment:

Procedure: nasal continuous positive airway pressure