Infusion of Alloreactive nk Cells for Mrd-positive Aml Patients

Scientific Institute for Research Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS)

Status: Enrolling

Conditions: Natural Killer Cell; Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Minimal Residual Disease

Treatments: Biological: Infusion of alloreactive NK cells

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06885476

MRD-NK

Details and patient eligibility

About

This is a interventional, transplantation study. The procedure under study is the infusion of alloreactive NK cells in adult AML patients, eligible for ASCT, who achieved CR after conventional chemotherapy, but harbor MRD-positivity.

Haploidentical KIR-L mismatched donors will be included if present at least one allele mismatch at a class I locus among the following ones: HLA-C alleles with Asn77-Lys80, HLA-C alleles with Ser77-Asn80, HLA-Bw4 alleles. KIR-L mismatched donor alloreactive NK cell repertoire will be evaluated in order to determine the functional cell dose to be used for NK cell collection. Phenotypical analysis of KIRs will be correlated to functional tests. NK cells will be selected from a steady-state large volume leukapheresis product from a suitable haploidentical KIR-ligand incompatible donor. NK cell purification will be performed if the donor leukapheresis product contains at least 10x106 NK cells/Kg.

Immunomagnetic enrichment of NK cells will follow two subsequent steps: 1) depletion of CD3+ T cells followed by 2) positive selection of CD56+ NK cells.

Patients will receive immunosuppressive chemotherapy, fludarabine (Flu) 25 mg/mq/ from day -5 to -3 and cyclophosphamide (Cy) 2 g/mq on day -2 (Flu/Cy). Two days after Cy administration, patients will be infused intravenously with a single dose of cryopreserved NK cells (day 0), which will be followed by subcutaneous administration of IL-2 (10 x 106 IU/day, 3 times weekly) for 2 weeks (6 doses total). PB samples will also be collected for biological studies. In particular, PB samples will be collected for molecular assessment of microchimerism and tracking of haploidentical NK cells for 30 days, immunophenotype studies, alloreactive NK cells cloning and functional assays (cytotoxicity). Enrolled patients will be followed up for at least 12 months after NK cell infusion.

Enrollment: 22 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of de novo or secondary AML
• Age ≥ 18 years
• Morphologic CR
• Eligibility for ASCT
• MRD-positivity after induction chemotherapy
• Availability of a KIR-L incompatible haploidentical donor
• Performance Status ≥ 70% (Karnofsky score) or ≤ 2 (WHO).
• Adequate renal (serum creatinine < 2 mg/dl), pulmonary (Sat O2 ≥ 96%) and hepatic (ALT/AST < 2.5 x N) function.
• Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of >50% as determined by Echocardiogram (ECHO).
• Signed informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of AML FAB M3
• HIV positivity.
• HCV positivity with high viral load.
• Pregnant or nursing females.
• Current uncontrolled infection.
• Signs or symptoms of fluid retention (e.g. pleural effusion).

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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22 participants in 1 patient group

Infusion of alloreactive NK cells

Experimental group

Description:

Infusion of alloreactive NK cells for acute leukemia patients, eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, with persistent minimal residual disease after conventional chemotherapy

Treatment:

Biological: Infusion of alloreactive NK cells