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In a previous study the investigators evaluated the apparent efficacy and safety of intravenous fentanyl administered by ambulance personnel and found that 58.4% (CI 56.4-60.4) out of 2348 prehospital patients treated with fentanyl still experienced moderate to severe pain [numeric rating scale (NRS, 0-10) > 3] at hospital arrival. The number of patients with possible fentanyl-related side effects was low.
Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the efficacy and safety of a liberalized pain treatment protocol for ambulance personnel (a total of 3 μg/kg per transport) compared with existing restrictive protocol (a total of 2 μg/kg per transport). The investigators hypothesize that:
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A prospective cluster-randomized trial observing proportional differences in sufficient pain relief at hospital admission (NRS < 4) and potential fentanyl related side-effects between patients treated by ambulance personnel applying either:
The Ambulance stations and their affiliated ambulance personnel are stratified into 5 clusters according to size/average transports per month and randomized to either liberal or existing treatment approach within each cluster. As patients are not randomized on an individual level baseline differences between the two groups and its patients are adjusted statistically with relevant confounders on 3 overall levels:
These covariates are obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry, the Danish Civil Registration System and the electronic prehospital patient journal.
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7,093 participants in 2 patient groups
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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