Ixazomib Citrate in Treating Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma That Is Not Refractory to Bortezomib

Mayo Clinic

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 2

Conditions: Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma; Refractory Plasma Cell Myeloma

Treatments: Drug: Ixazomib Citrate; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Drug: Dexamethasone; Biological: Daratumumab; Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; NIH

Identifiers

NCT01415882

MC1181 (Other Identifier)

NCI-2011-02303 (Registry Identifier)

11-001516 (Other Identifier)

Details and patient eligibility

About

This phase II trial studies how well ixazomib citrate works in treating patients with multiple myeloma that has returned after a period of improvement (relapsed) but is not resistant to bortezomib (refractory). Ixazomib citrate may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth.

Full description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the confirmed overall response rate (>= partial response [PR]) of ixazomib [ixazomib citrate], used as a single agent in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, who are proteasome inhibitor naive (including bortezomib) naive OR have received less than 6 cycles of therapy with bortezomib and had a better than PR with no progression at the time of discontinuation. (Arm A - Permanently closed to accrual as of Addendum 5) II. To determine the confirmed overall response rate (>= PR) of ixazomib at a 4 mg dose level in combination with dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, who are proteasome inhibitor naive (including bortezomib) naive OR have received less than 6 cycles of therapy with bortezomib and had a better than PR with no progression at the time of discontinuation. (Arm B) III. To determine the confirmed overall response rate (>= PR) of ixazomib at a 5.5 mg dose level in combination with dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, who are proteasome inhibitor naive (including bortezomib) naive OR have received less than 6 cycles of therapy with bortezomib and had a better than PR with no progression at the time of discontinuation. (Arm C) IV. To determine the confirmed overall response rate (>= PR) of ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, who are proteasome inhibitor naive (including bortezomib) naive OR have received less than 6 cycles of therapy with bortezomib and had a better than PR with no progression at the time of discontinuation. (Arm D) V. To determine the confirmed overall response rate (>= PR) of ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide, daratumumab, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. (Arm E)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the overall response rate of ixazomib in combination with dexamethasone, when dexamethasone is added to ixazomib for lack of response or for progression. (Arm A) II. To determine the event free survival and overall survival among patients with relapsed myeloma following treatment with ixazomib with dexamethasone added for lack of response or progression. (Arm A) III. To determine the event free survival and overall survival among patients with relapsed myeloma following treatment with ixazomib at two different doses, in combination with dexamethasone. (Arms B and C) IV. To determine the event free survival and overall survival among patients with relapsed myeloma following treatment with ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. (Arm D) V. To determine the event free survival and overall survival among patients with relapsed myeloma following treatment with ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide, daratumumab, and dexamethasone. (Arm E)

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms (Arm A permanently closed to accrual as of Addendum 5).

ARM A: Patients receive ixazomib citrate orally (PO) on days 1, 8, and 15. Patients with lack of minor response by the end of the second cycle or lack of partial response by the end of the fourth cycle also receive dexamethasone PO on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM B: Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15 and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM C: Patients receive higher dose of ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15 and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM D: Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15 and cyclophosphamide PO (cycles 1-18 only) and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM E: Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15, cyclophosphamide PO (cycles 1-12 only) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and daratumumab intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8, 15, 22 (cycles 1-2), days 1 and 15 (cycles 3-6), and day 1 in all subsequent cycles. Patients also receive dexamethasone IV or PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 6 or 12 months for 2 years.

Enrollment: 165 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Calculated creatinine clearance (using Cockcroft-Gault equation) >= 30 mL/min (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)

• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1000/mL (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)

• Untransfused platelet count >= 75000/mL (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)

• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)

• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x the upper limit of the normal range (ULN) (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)

• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =< 3 x ULN (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)

• Patients with relapsed multiple myeloma who have already received one or more standard treatment regimens

• Measurable disease of multiple myeloma as defined by at least ONE of the following:

  • Serum monoclonal protein >= 1.0 g/dL
  • >= 200 mg of monoclonal protein in the urine on 24 hour electrophoresis
  • Serum immunoglobulin free light chain >= 10 mg/dL AND abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa to lambda free light chain ratio
  • For patients with extramedullary disease (EMD) measurable disease by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or the CT portion of the positron emission tomography (PET)/CT: Must have at least one lesion that has a single diameter of >= 2 cm. Skin lesions can be used if the area is >= 2 cm in at least one diameter and measured with a ruler
  • Plasma cell count >= 0.5 x 10^9/L or 5 percent of the peripheral blood white cells
  • Plasma cell count if determined by flow cytometry, >= 200/150,000 events

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0, 1, 2

• Provide informed written consent

• Negative pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only

• Willing to return to consenting Mayo Clinic institution for follow-up during the Active Monitoring Phase of the study; Note: during the Active Monitoring Phase of a study (i.e., active treatment and observation), participants must be willing to return to the consenting institution for follow-up

• Recovered (i.e., < grade 1 toxicity) from the reversible effects of prior antineoplastic therapy

• Arms A - D only: Patients should be proteasome inhibitor naive (including bortezomib and carfilzomib) OR have received less than 6 cycles of therapy with a bortezomib or carfilzomib containing regimen and were not refractory to the bortezomib or carfilzomib based regimen (less than a PR or progression on or within 60 days of discontinuation)

• Arm E only: Negative hepatitis B test (defined by a negative test for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], or antibodies to hepatitis B surface and/or core antigens [antiHBs or antiHBc]) (added as of addendum 9); Note: patients with serologic findings suggestive of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination (antiHBs positivity as the only serologic marker) AND a known history of prior HBV vaccination do not need to be tested for HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); those who are PCR positive will be excluded

Exclusion criteria

• Recent prior chemotherapy:

  • Alkylators (e.g. melphalan, cyclophosphamide) =< 14 days prior to registration
  • Anthracyclines =< 14 days prior to registration
  • High dose corticosteroids, immune modulatory drugs (thalidomide or lenalidomide) =< 7 days prior to registration

• Prior therapy with any proteasome inhibitor other than bortezomib, carfilzomib, or ixazomib

• Concomitant high dose corticosteroids other than what is part of treatment protocol (concurrent use of corticosteroids); EXCEPTION: patients may be on chronic steroids (maximum dose 20 mg/day prednisone equivalent) if they are being given for disorders other than myeloma, i.e., adrenal insufficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, etc

• Diagnosed or treated for another malignancy within 2 years before study enrollment or previously diagnosed with another malignancy and have any evidence of residual disease; patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of any type are not excluded if they have undergone complete resection

• Any of the following:

  • Pregnant women or women of reproductive ability who are unwilling to use 2 effective methods of contraception from the time of signing the informed consent form through 90 days after the last dose of study drug
  • Nursing women
  • Men who are unwilling to use a condom (even if they have undergone a prior vasectomy) while having intercourse with any woman, while taking the drug and for 30 days after stopping treatment

• Other co-morbidity which would interfere with patient's ability to participate in trial, e.g. uncontrolled infection, uncompensated heart or lung disease

• Other concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or any ancillary therapy considered investigational; NOTE: bisphosphonates are considered to be supportive care rather than therapy, and are thus allowed while on protocol treatment

• Patient has >= grade 3 peripheral neuropathy, or grade 2 with pain on clinical examination during the screening period

• Major surgery within 14 days before study registration

• Systemic treatment with strong inhibitors of cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A (CYP3A) inducers (rifampin, rifapentine, rifabutin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital), or use of Ginkgo biloba or St. John's wort within 14 days before the first dose of study treatment

• Evidence of current uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions, including cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, angina, or myocardial infarction within the past 6 months; Note: prior to study entry, any electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality at screening must be documented by the investigator as not medically relevant

• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive

• Known hepatitis B surface antigen-positive status, or known or suspected active hepatitis C infection

• Any serious medical or psychiatric illness that could, in the investigator's opinion, potentially interfere with the completion of treatment according to this protocol

• Known allergy to any of the study medications, their analogues or excipients in the various formulations

• Known gastrointestinal (GI) disease or GI procedure that could interfere with the oral absorption or tolerance of ixazomib including difficulty swallowing

• Diarrhea > grade 1, based on the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grading, in the absence of antidiarrheals

• Arm E only: Refractory to any combination of a proteasome inhibitor and daratumumab

• Arm E only: Known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 50% of predicted normal. (Note that FEV1 testing is required for subjects suspected of having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and subjects must be excluded if FEV1 < 50% of predicted normal.)

• Arm E only: Known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years or currently has uncontrolled asthma of any classification

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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165 participants in 5 patient groups

Arm A (ixazomib citrate and dexamethasone, closed to accrual)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15. Patients with lack of minor response by the end of the second cycle or lack of partial response by the end of the fourth cycle also receive dexamethasone PO on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Treatment:

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Drug: Dexamethasone

Drug: Ixazomib Citrate

Arm B (ixazomib citrate and dexamethasone)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15 and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Treatment:

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Drug: Dexamethasone

Drug: Ixazomib Citrate

Arm C (higher-dose ixazomib citrate and dexamethasone)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients receive higher doses of ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15 and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Treatment:

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Drug: Dexamethasone

Drug: Ixazomib Citrate

Arm D (ixazomib citrate, dexamethasone, and cyclophosphamide)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15 and cyclophosphamide PO (cycles 1-18 only) and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Treatment:

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Drug: Dexamethasone

Drug: Cyclophosphamide

Drug: Ixazomib Citrate

Arm E (ixazomib citrate, cyclophosphamide, daratumumab)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15, cyclophosphamide PO (cycles 1-12 only) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and daratumumab IV on days 1, 8, 15, 22 (cycles 1-2), days 1 and 15 (cycles 3-6), and day 1 in all subsequent cycles. Patients also receive dexamethasone IV or PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Treatment:

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Biological: Daratumumab

Drug: Dexamethasone

Drug: Cyclophosphamide

Drug: Ixazomib Citrate