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Thoracotomy is one of the most painful operation. Continuous thoracic epidural or paravertebral analgesia are gold standard for postoperative pain. But both techniques require skills. Spinal morphine is alternative simple method with less efficacy. Adding low dose ketamine during intraoperative may be helpful in postoperative pain relief.
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patient with history of
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Interventional model
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32 participants in 2 patient groups, including a placebo group
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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