Ketamine, SGB and Combination Treatment for TBI

Northwestern University

Status and phase

Enrolling

Phase 2

Conditions

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic Headache

Treatments

Other: Group D Placebo Comparator

Procedure: Group A active comparator

Combination Product: Group C Experimental

Drug: Group B active comparator

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Other U.S. Federal agency

Identifiers

NCT06608277

STU00221519

Details and patient eligibility

About

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) with associated headache are amongst the most common injuries sustained by our deployed forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as in more recent conflicts in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. This study aims to determine whether a procedural intervention (stellate ganglion block (SGB)) or medication (ketamine), alone or in combination, can alleviate PTSD and TBI-associated headache. Determining efficacious treatments in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study trial may improve quality of life in those with TBI and PTSD, and identifying factors associated with treatment outcome (personalized medicine) may enhance selection, thereby improving the risk: benefit and cost-effectiveness ratios.

Primary Objectives:

To determine the efficacy of SGB and ketamine infusion as stand-alone treatments for TBI-related headache;
To determine the efficacy of SGB and ketamine infusion as stand-alone treatments for PTSD;
To determine the comparative effectiveness of SGB and ketamine infusion, and the effect of combination treatment on TBI-related headache and PTSD;
Exploratory Aim 1: To determine the effects of SGB, ketamine infusion, and the combination on structural and functional MRI, biomarker levels and pain thresholds and tolerance;
Exploratory Aim 2: To identify factors associated with treatment responders overall and for individual treatment groups.

Secondary Objectives:

Exploratory Aim 1: To determine the effects of SGB, ketamine infusion, and the combination on structural and functional MRI, biomarker levels and pain thresholds and tolerance (Biomedical levels and MRI not included at Northwestern University Site).
Exploratory Aim 2: To identify factors associated with treatment responders overall and for individual treatment groups.

Full description

This is a multicenter randomized, double-blind (subject, evaluator) placebo-controlled parallel-group clinical trial where 175 eligible subjects will be randomized into 1 of 4 groups (described below) using a 2:2:2:1 ratio. The purpose of the trial is to test the efficacy and comparative effectiveness of SGB and ketamine infusion on PTSD and post-traumatic headache. There are no reliably effective treatments for either PTSD or TBI-associated headaches, with preliminary and/or conflicting results suggesting efficacy for both SGB and ketamine for both conditions.

The first three groups will receive at least one intervention, with a smaller number receiving sham SGB/ placebo ketamine, which is necessary to determine efficacy and serve as a comparator. Several patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life measures, will be collected at baseline and the primary endpoint at 4 weeks. There will also be patient-reported outcome measures recorded at 1 and 2 weeks. Those with a positive categorical response (described under data collection) at 4 weeks will be followed further at 8 and 12 weeks. Those with negative outcomes will exit the study and be followed as an observational cohort where they will be eligible for non-study measures as determined by the treating providers. This may include other novel treatments such as using higher doses of ketamine, left-sided sympathetic blocks, sympathetic blocks with botulinum toxin and liposomal bupivacaine, and the use of neuromodulation.

For all patients who continue to experience a positive categorical outcome, unblinding will occur at 12 weeks, and they will be followed at 6 months as part of an observational cohort whereby the same outcome measures will be recorded. Those who exit the study and are unblinded at early time points (i.e., 4, 8 or 12 weeks in those with a 12-week negative outcome) will be followed as an observational cohort if they received one of the study treatments, including a variation (e.g., a higher dose of ketamine, a left-sided cervical sympathetic blocks). These time points will be the same as in the clinical trial portion of the study (1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks), and 6 months. For those in either the clinical trial extension or observational cohort who continue to experience a positive outcome at 6 months, we will again follow them at 12 months.

Enrollment

175 estimated patients

Sex

All

Ages

18+ years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Adults 18 years or older
Stable doses of medications for > 2 weeks for TBI and/or PTSD
For TBI-associated headache with or without PTSD: HIT-6 score of >/=53. For PTSD with or without TBI-associated headache: PCL-5 score >/=33 OR. For those with TBI and PTSD, and a HIT-6 score < 53 and PCL-5 score of <33, individuals with a HIT-6 score of 50-52 and a PCL-5 score of 31 or 32 will be included.
Duration of chronic TBI or PTSD > 3 months

Exclusion criteria

Ketamine infusion or SGB within the past 6 months
Serious medical or psychiatric conditions other than TBI or PTSD that could affect cognition (e.g., dementia, Parkinson's Disease)
Elevated intracranial pressure
For TBI, prior history of headache that can explain the headache intensity (i.e., headache not attributable to TBI)
Active psychosis or poorly controlled non-injury or PTSD-related psychiatric condition (e.g., bipolar disorder)
Poorly controlled medical conditions that could be exacerbated by treatment (e.g., unstable angina)
Pregnancy (women of childbearing age who can become pregnant will have to take a pregnancy test)
Non-fluency in English (poor generalizability to military and veteran populations, instruments not validated for use or translated in many languages)

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

Double Blind

175 participants in 4 patient groups, including a placebo group

Group A =Stellate ganglion block (SGB) with bupivacaine (LA) plus placebo ketamine (midazolam)

Active Comparator group

Description:

Stellate ganglion block with the local anesthetic (LA) bupivacaine and placebo (1-7 mg midazolam + normal saline) ketamine. The stellate ganglion block will be performed with approximately 8 mL bupivacaine using ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance. The placebo ketamine will consist of an initial 1-4 mg bolus of midazolam followed by boluses or an infusion (in normal saline) of midazolam up to 7 mg, over 30-60 minutes.

Treatment:

Procedure: Group A active comparator

Group B = Sham SGB plus ketamine infusion

Active Comparator group

Description:

Sham SGB will be 1-2 mL of saline given subcutaneously using ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance. The ketamine will consist of Prior to the sham Stellate Ganglion Block procedure, the study drug ketamine or normal saline will be administered by one of the study team physicians. 100 ml bag will be administered by bolus/infusion or intermittent boluses up to 0.3 mg/kg). The ketamine infusion will start before the sham block where patients will be given 1-4 mg of midazolam + up to 0.3 mg/kg of ketamine, as bolus doses. Over the next 30-60 minutes patients will receive between 0.5-1 mg/kg total dose of ketamine, + additional midazolam as needed.

Treatment:

Drug: Group B active comparator

Group C = Stellate ganglion block (SGB) with bupivacaine LA plus ketamine infusion

Experimental group

Description:

These patients will receive both SGB with bupivacaine + ketamine as described above.

Treatment:

Combination Product: Group C Experimental

Group D = Sham SGB plus placebo ketamine (midazolam)

Placebo Comparator group

Description:

These patients will receive the sham SGB + placebo ketamine as described above.