Ketogenic Diet for Prevention of Epileptic Spasms in Infantile Onset Genetic Epilepsies

Heather Olson

Status and phase: Enrolling; Phase 1

Conditions: Neonatal and Infant Epilepsy; Epileptic Spasms; Genetic Epilepsy; Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies

Treatments: Drug: Ketogenic diet

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06700811

P00047586

Details and patient eligibility

About

Epileptic spasms (ES) are a predominantly infantile seizure type observed frequently in certain genetic disorders. Ketogenic diet (high ratio of fat to carbohydrate/protein) is an established non-medication treatment for difficult to control seizures, including ES. Because ES are associated with worse developmental and cognitive outcomes if not detected or treated quickly and effectively, this trial aims to test the ketogenic diet to prevent ES in this high-risk population. This trial is a single-center pilot study of 10 infants with genetic seizure disorders to establish if the protocol of early ketogenic diet administration and ES evaluation is safe and feasible.

Full description

Epileptic spasms (ES) are a highly prevalent and often refractory form of seizures in genetic Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs), affecting 55% of patients. Prevalence is higher in subsets such as CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (82%). Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome can be associated with developmental regression, and early and effective treatment of ES impacts developmental outcomes. Diagnosis of ES, made by a combination of clinical history and EEG, can be delayed if ES are subtle or mixed with other seizure patterns. Clinical experience and the literature support use of the ketogenic diet for refractory epilepsy in infancy, including ES, particularly for some established genetic diagnoses. Further, there is precedent for preventing seizures, including ES, in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex with vigabatrin. The hypothesis of this investigation is that treatment of infants with genetic DEEs with the ketogenic diet will prevent the development of ES, or, if ES do develop, improve treatment response to standard therapy. The focused goal of this proposal is to demonstrate feasibility of initiating and maintaining ketogenic diet in infants with genetic DEEs, with serial EEG monitoring. This trial is a prospective, open-label treatment with ketogenic diet (goal ratio 4:1) in 10 infants with genetic DEE (seizure onset <6 months). The trial will evaluate adherence to ketogenic diet, starting within 6 weeks of enrollment, with a primary endpoint of maintaining a minimum ratio of 1:1 through 3 months after ES onset (12 months of age if they do not develop ES). The trial will evaluate adherence to EEG testing every 6 weeks. This work will lay the foundation for a multi-center Phase 2 trial.

Enrollment: 10 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: Under 9 months old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Plan for initiation of ketogenic diet by clinical team for treatment of epilepsy
• The clinical team initiating the ketogenic diet agrees that the use of the KetoVie formula is appropriate for the subject, as all study subjects need to receive the same formula
• Male or female, age 0 to less than 9 months (including neonates per investigator's judgment)
• Epilepsy onset at less than 6 months of age
• Abnormal development (any sub score of the Bayley-4 less than 1 standard deviation below the mean) and/or neurologic exam (microcephaly, macrocephaly, strabismus, abnormal vision/CVI, hypotonia, spasticity, dystonia, movement disorder), per investigators judgment
• Genetic epilepsy diagnosis, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant(s) with consistent phenotype and inheritance pattern
• Weight adequate to complete required study laboratory testing without exceeding maximum allowable blood draws per draw or in a 30 day period per BCH policy

Exclusion criteria

• Epileptic spams prior to enrollment
• Tuberous sclerosis complex, trisomy 21 (based on differential response to ES treatment)
• Metabolic diagnosis with targeted treatment (including specific indication for ketogenic diet such as glucose transporter disorder, vitamin dependent epilepsies, and others) or exclusion for the ketogenic diet
• Ongoing treatment with vigabatrin, ACTH, corticosteroids, topiramate or zonisamide. Other anti-seizure medications are permitted.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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10 participants in 1 patient group

Ketogenic diet

Experimental group

Description:

KetoVie® 4:1 Formula will be administered by oral feeding or gastrostomy tube as indicated. The duration of the diet will be from the time of enrollment up to 12 months of age or until 3 months after a diagnosis of Epileptic Spasms (range 3-15 months).

Treatment:

Drug: Ketogenic diet