Kinesiophobia After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Tartu University Hospital

Status

Enrolling

Conditions

Kinesiophobia

ACL Injury

Treatments

Diagnostic Test: Single-leg hop test

Diagnostic Test: Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)

Diagnostic Test: Anthropometric measurements

Diagnostic Test: Y-balance test

Diagnostic Test: Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17)

Diagnostic Test: Quadriceps and hamstring muscle isokinetic strength

Diagnostic Test: Oxford Knee Score (OKS) scoring

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT05762809

TUHST-1

Details and patient eligibility

About

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a serious trauma with long-term consequences to the athlete. Psychological and physiological factors may negatively affect patient recovery and increase reinjury rate after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and development of kinesiophobia is also possible.

Full description

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a serious trauma with long-term consequences to the athlete. Return to sports at the pre-injury level after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is reported between 55 and 83%. Psychological and physiological factors can negatively affect patient recovery and increase reinjury rate after ACLR. In daily practice, surgeons and physiotherapists see athletes struggling to improve muscle strength and complaining of a lack of self-confidence and fear of reinjury during their progress to return to sports.

Kinesiophobia in ACLR patients is used to determine fear of pain, lack of self-confidence, and fear of reinjury. Patients with self-reported fear are less active, have decreased muscle function, and increased risk of a second ACL injury. Lower rates of return to sports are reported in athletes with kinesiophobia after ACLR. To measure kinesiophobia, the self-reported Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17) test is widely used. The original TSK was developed and described by Miller et al. in 1991. In ACLR patients, the risk of developing fear was previously measured in a large systematic review of 2175 patients, in which 514 (24%) reported a psychological reason for not returning to sports.

Enrollment

144 estimated patients

Sex

All

Ages

15 to 60 years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Patients underwent ACLR by three orthopaedic surgeons at the Tartu University Hospital Sports Traumatology Centre between 2013 and 2019.

Exclusion criteria

Patients with revision ACLR, bilateral ACLR, and postoperative infections were excluded from the study.

Trial design

Primary purpose

Screening

Allocation

N/A

Interventional model

Single Group Assignment

Masking

None (Open label)

144 participants in 1 patient group

Kinesiophobia tests

Experimental group

Description:

Patients were assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Oxford Knee score (OKS). Ten minutes cycling with light resistance on a stationary bike was used for warm up before the physical tests. Quadriceps and hamstring muscle isokinetic strength was assessed at 60°/sec and 180°/sec using a Humac Norm Isokinetic dynamometer (Stoughton, United States). Functional performance was tested with the single-leg hop test for distance and the Y-balance test for anterior reach. The non-operated leg was tested first. All physical tests were supervised by the same specialized physiotherapists.