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Magnesium and Vascular Stiffness

U

University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Vascular Stiffness
Blood Pressure

Treatments

Dietary Supplement: Magnesium Citrate
Dietary Supplement: Magnesium Sulfate
Drug: Placebo
Dietary Supplement: Magnesium Oxide

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT03632590
METc2017/220

Details and patient eligibility

About

This four-arm randomized controlled trial was designed to study the effects of magnesium supplements (total daily dose: 450 mg elemental magnesium) on vascular stiffness in healthy overweight and slightly obese men and women. In addition, the effects of magnesium supplements on blood pressure and gut microbiota will be evaluated. Three groups will receive magnesium supplements (magnesium oxide, magnesium citrate or magnesium sulphate) and one group will receive a placebo.

Full description

Observational epidemiologic studies have observed an inverse relationship between daily dietary magnesium intake and blood pressure. Except for blood pressure, magnesium may also beneficially affect other cardiovascular risk markers. Whether all these effects translate into improved vascular function is not known. Different vascular function markers at various stages on the pathway between diet and disease exist. One of these markers, vascular stiffness, is closely related to the process of atherosclerosis, an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and predictive of future cardiovascular events and mortality. A recently published intervention study showed that oral magnesium citrate supplementation of 350 mg per day for 24 weeks was well-tolerated and improved vascular stiffness by 1.0 m/s. Importantly, it was not established whether the beneficial effect on vascular stiffness was due to the supplementation of magnesium or due to citrate. This may involve effects on gut microbiota and systemic metabolic effects. The current study was designed to (1) reproduce the result of the earlier study and to (2) investigate whether there is a difference between different commonly used magnesium salts (magnesium citrate, magnesium sulphate and magnesium oxide) in terms of effects on vascular stiffness, blood pressure and gut microbiota.

Enrollment

162 estimated patients

Sex

All

Ages

45 to 75 years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  • Aged between 45-70 years
  • Women postmenopausal: two or more years after last menstruation
  • BMI between 25-35 kg/m2 (overweight and slightly obese)
  • Plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/L
  • Serum total cholesterol < 8.0 mmol/L (further testing is recommended for excessive hyperlipidemia (serum total cholesterol ≥ 8.0 mmol/L) according to the Standard for cardiovascular risk management of the Dutch general practitioners community (NHG))
  • Serum triacylglycerol < 4.5 mmol/L (Friedewald formula)
  • No current smoker
  • No diabetic patients
  • No familial hypercholesterolemia
  • No abuse of drugs
  • Less than 21 alcoholic consumptions per week
  • Stable body weight (weight gain or loss <3 kg in the past three months)
  • No use of proton pump inhibitors
  • No use of magnesium supplements
  • No severe medical conditions that might interfere with the study, such as epilepsy, asthma, kidney failure or renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, auto inflammatory diseases and rheumatoid arthritis
  • No active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebro vascular accident
  • Willingness to give up being a blood donor (or having donated blood) from 8 weeks before the start of the study and during the study
  • No difficult venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit
  • Written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

  • High habitual dietary magnesium intake (defined as urinary magnesium excretion of 7.0 or 5.9 mmol/24-h or more for men and women, respectively)
  • Plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
  • Serum total cholesterol ≥ 8.0 mmol/L
  • Serum triacylglycerol ≥ 4.5 mmol/L
  • Current smoker, or smoking cessation <12 months
  • Diabetic patients
  • Familial hypercholesterolemia
  • Abuse of drugs
  • More than 21 alcoholic consumptions per week
  • Unstable body weight (weight gain or loss > 3 kg in the past three months)
  • Use of proton pump inhibitors
  • Use of magnesium supplements
  • Severe medical conditions that might interfere with the study, such as epilepsy, asthma, kidney failure or renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, auto inflammatory diseases and rheumatoid arthritis
  • Active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebro vascular accident
  • Not willing to give up being a blood donor (or having donated blood) from 8 weeks before the start of the study and during the study
  • Not or difficult to venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit

Trial design

Primary purpose

Prevention

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

Triple Blind

162 participants in 4 patient groups, including a placebo group

Magnesium Citrate
Experimental group
Description:
450 mg of Magnesium Citrate per day
Treatment:
Dietary Supplement: Magnesium Citrate
Magnesium Sulfate
Experimental group
Description:
450 mg of Magnesium Sulfate per day
Treatment:
Dietary Supplement: Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Oxide
Experimental group
Description:
450 mg of Magnesium Oxide per day
Treatment:
Dietary Supplement: Magnesium Oxide
Placebo
Placebo Comparator group
Treatment:
Drug: Placebo

Trial contacts and locations

1

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Central trial contact

Joëlle C Schutten, MSc

Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

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