Masseter Muscle Thickness and Craniofacial Skeletal Patterns

Kutahya Health Sciences University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Malocclusions; Cephalometry; Ultrasonography; Masseter

Treatments: Other: Ultrasonography; Other: Lateral cephalometric radiography; Other: Weigth and Heigth; Other: Electronic caliper; Other: Facial photograph

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06870084

2023/14-28

Details and patient eligibility

About

Facial morphology is influenced by hard and soft tissues, including bone and muscle. While numerous factors can lead to changes in bone tissue, soft tissues such as muscle also have an important influence. It is widely acknowledged that the function, shape and thickness of masticatory muscles have substantial effects on facial morphology and skeletal development, and are correlate with other anthropometric variables. Furthermore, a correlation has been observed between masseter muscle thickness and various characteristics of the dental arches, such as alveolar process thickness and intermaxillary width.

The evaluation of soft tissue in the region of the face is a more challenging process in comparison to that of hard tissue.The recent development of cone beam computed tomography has improved the analysis of three-dimensional skeletal morphology and jaw. However, the radiographic assessment of soft tissue remains more difficult.The thickness of masticatory muscles can be measured using computerised tomography; however, this has the disadvantage of exposing the patient to radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique that can be used to assess soft tissues. However, this technique is expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, MRI is a static rather than a dynamic imaging technique, which makes it difficult to analyse during muscle contraction and relaxation. Ultrasound is a technique that provides dynamic imaging that can assess the masticatory muscles without the use of ionising radiation.

There are many publications in the literature that indicate that malocclusions in the vertical and sagittal dimensions can be assessed with measurements from lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Enrollment: 101 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ minutes old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria: Patients who

• Patients who were 18 years of age or older,
• had skeletal malocclusion,
• were systemically healthy,
• were not taking any medication,
• had no missing teeth except for the third molars,
• had no history of congenital and/or acquired anomalies in the lips, mouth and facial regions,
• had not received orthodontic treatment before

Exclusion Criteria: Patients who

• were younger than 18 years of age
• were with systemic disease,
• used antidepressant drugs before,
• has bruxism habit,
• had orthodontic treatment or has active orthodontic treatment,
• had history of trauma and surgery in the maxillofacial region

Trial design

101 participants in 12 patient groups

Class I

Description:

Patients with ANB angle between 0-4 degrees were classified as class I.

Treatment:

Other: Lateral cephalometric radiography

Class II

Description:

Patients with ANB angle greater than 4 degrees were classified as class II.

Treatment:

Other: Lateral cephalometric radiography

Class III

Description:

Patients with ANB angle less than 0 degrees were classified as class III.

Treatment:

Other: Lateral cephalometric radiography

Normodivergent

Description:

Patients with SN/GoGn angle between 28 and 36 were classified as normodivergent.

Treatment:

Other: Lateral cephalometric radiography

Hyperdivergent

Description:

Patients with SN/GoGn angle greater than 36 degrees were classified as hyperdivergent.

Treatment:

Other: Lateral cephalometric radiography

Hypodivergent

Description:

Patients with SN/GoGn angle less than 28 degrees were classified as hypodivergent.

Treatment:

Other: Lateral cephalometric radiography

Brachyfacial

Description:

If the facial index value was less than 84%, it was classified as brachyfacial.

Treatment:

Other: Facial photograph

Mesofacial

Description:

A facial index value between 84% and 88% was classified as mesofacial.

Treatment:

Other: Facial photograph

Dolichofacial

Description:

If the facial index value was greater than 88%, it was classified as dolichofacial.

Treatment:

Other: Facial photograph

Intermolar width

Description:

The intertermolar distance was measured in millimetres. This measurement was taken from the mesiopalatinal surfaces of two maxillary first permanent molars at the level of the cervical. The measurement was taken using an electronic caliper.

Treatment:

Other: Electronic caliper

Body Mass Index

Description:

The Body Mass Index is calculated by measuring with a standardised scale and height chart.

Treatment:

Other: Weigth and Heigth

Masseter muscle thickness

Treatment:

Other: Ultrasonography