Metabolic and Appetite Responses to Altered Timing of Whey Protein Ingestion
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About
The proposed study aims to determine the metabolic and appetite responses to standard breakfast and lunch meals whilst altering the timing of whey protein supplementation. Currently, the designs implemented in many studies mean that it is unclear whether an optimum time for whey protein consumption exists in order to promote the greatest acute health benefits. A number of studies have investigated the effects of whey protein when consumed as a preload to a subsequent meal, whilst benefits have also been shown when whey protein is ingested with a meal. The proposed study will therefore investigate strategies of whey protein supplementation that vary in their practical applicability, using meals that reflect regular eating behaviours throughout the population in a sample of overweight/obese individuals.
Findings from this study may provide important information regarding the efficacy of whey protein supplementation before, during and after a composite meal, and its effect on the handling of a subsequent mixed-macronutrient meal.
Full description
A randomised crossover design shall be implemented, whereby all participants complete 4 trials separated by a minimum of 3 days. On all visits participants shall consume a standardised mixed-macronutrient breakfast meal, followed 180 minutes later by consumption of a standard lunch meal. The timing of additional protein supplementation shall vary by trial, with participants consuming a shake containing 20g whey protein isolate either as a preload (15 minutes prior to breakfast), alongside the breakfast meal, or 15 minutes following breakfast consumption. A control trial shall also be completed without additional protein supplementation. At all supplementation time points participants shall consume either a flavoured whey protein shake or a flavoured water isovolumetric beverage ensuring that they remain blinded to the condition. Venous and capillary blood samples and visual analogue scales (for determination of subjective appetite sensations) shall be taken at regular intervals following both meals while the participant is rested.
Enrollment
Sex
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Volunteers
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Criteria for inclusion are as follows:
- Male
- Aged 18-55 years
- Abdominal obesity (Waist circumference > 102 cm)
- Sedentary (not currently participating in structured physical activity)
Criteria for exclusion are as follows:
- Metabolic disease or current illness
- Regular breakfast skipper
- Food allergies/intolerances
- Eating disorders
- Smoking
Trial design
Primary purpose
Allocation
Interventional model
Masking
14 participants in 4 patient groups
Trial contacts and locations
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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