Modulation of Cognitive Flexibility by Tyrosine Depletion and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Sheffield Hallam University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Cognitive Flexibility

Treatments: Combination Product: Anodal tDCS and tyrosine depleted drink; Combination Product: Sham tDCS and tyrosine depleted drink; Combination Product: Anodal tDCS and balanced drink; Combination Product: Sham tDCS and balanced drink

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03462303

SheffieldHallamAquili2018

Details and patient eligibility

About

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and dopamine (DA) have been implicated in the control of cognitive flexibility. However, while a great deal of what it is know regarding a causative relationship between cognitive flexibility and its neuronal underpinning comes from animal studies, human data have largely been correlational (i.e. imaging investigations). In a recent study, the current research group examined whether putative increases in dopamine levels through tyrosine administration and blockage of these by cathodal (i.e. inhibitory) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dlPFC could be causally related to cognitive flexibility as measured by task switching and reversal learning.

The next step involves finding a way of lowering dopamine concentrations while anodal (i.e. excitatory) stimulation of the dlPFC is applied and cognitive flexibility measured. One experimental approach to reduce global DA synthesis and transmission is through acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion (APTD). This dietary intervention involves the administration of an amino-acid mixture lacking in tyrosine and phenylalanine, which can be used to selectively lower DA synthesis in humans.

Enrollment: 36 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 30 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Either male or female
• You are aged between 18 and 30 years
• You are in good health
• You agree to fast overnight prior to testing

Exclusion criteria

• Are suffering from cardiac, hepatic, renal, or neurological disorders
• Damaged or diseased skin on your face and scalp, or a sensitive scalp
• A history of alcohol or drug addiction, or severe psychiatric illness
• Are in drug treatment which may lower seizure threshold (i.e. epilepsy)
• You are pregnant
• Slept less than 6 hours prior to coming to the lab
• Suffer from phenylketonuria
• A history of or current experience of migraine or headaches
• A history of or current use of antidepressants
• A history of or current use of tyrosine supplements
• Consume more than five beverages containing caffeine per day

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Factorial Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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36 participants in 4 patient groups, including a placebo group

tDCS sham + balanced drink

Placebo Comparator group

Treatment:

Combination Product: Sham tDCS and balanced drink

tDCS sham + tyrosine depleted drink

Experimental group

Treatment:

Combination Product: Sham tDCS and tyrosine depleted drink

tDCS anodal + balanced drink

Experimental group

Treatment:

Combination Product: Anodal tDCS and balanced drink

tDCS anodal +tyrosine depleted drink

Experimental group

Treatment:

Combination Product: Anodal tDCS and tyrosine depleted drink