Neonatal Phase 1 Valacyclovir Study

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 1

Conditions: Herpes Simplex

Treatments: Drug: Valacyclovir

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: NIH

Identifiers

NCT05468619

20-0033

5U54AI150225-05 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Details and patient eligibility

About

A Phase 1 study that will determine the valacyclovir dose that results in a systemic acyclovir exposure comparable to 10 mg/kg of parenterally administered acyclovir, which is an AUC0-12 of 24,000 ngxhr/mL to 48,000 ngxhr/mL. Neonates at risk of acquiring neonatal HSV will be enrolled in one of 2 cohorts. Cohort 1 will be comprised of eight subjects who will receive an initial dose of 10ml/kg of oral valacyclovir. Samples for PK assessments will be obtained to assess the exposure concentration. If the safety profile and the drug exposure concentrations in Cohort 1 are acceptable, eight new subjects will be enrolled in Cohort 2. The dose that these subjects will receive will be predicated upon the pharmacokinetic data from Cohort 1.

Full description

A Phase 1, open label multicenter trial to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of oral valacyclovir in neonates who are at risk of acquiring neonatal herpes simplex virus disease. This study will determine the valacyclovir dose that results in a systemic acyclovir exposure comparable to 10 mg/kg of parenterally administered acyclovir, which is an AUC0-12 of 24,000 ngxhr/mL to 48,000 ngxhr/mL. Neonates whose mothers have a history of genital HSV infection and received oral valacyclovir in the last several weeks of pregnancy, as per the recommendations of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) (9), will be eligible for enrollment. Cohort 1 will be comprised of eight subjects. Following informed consent, each subject will receive 10 mg/kg of oral valacyclovir, and may start taking oral valacyclovir while still in the birth hospital, with subsequent dosing at home, or may start taking oral valacyclovir following discharge from the birth hospital. If the safety profile and the drug exposure concentrations in Cohort 1 are acceptable, eight new subjects will be enrolled in Cohort 2. The dose that these subjects will receive will be predicated upon the pharmacokinetic data from Cohort 1. The primary study objective is to establish the dose of valacyclovir in neonates that reliably achieves systemic acyclovir exposures comparable to 10 mg/kg of parenterally administered acyclovir. The secondary study objectives are: 1) to define the pharmacokinetic profile of acyclovir in neonates receiving oral valacyclovir and 2) to assess and describe the safety profile of valacyclovir among treated neonates.

Enrollment: 17 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 1 to 2 days old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Signed informed consent from parent(s) or legal guardian(s)

2. Maternal history of genital HSV infection

3. Maternal receipt of oral acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir suppressive therapy for >/= 7 days prior to delivery

4. Gestational age >/= 38 weeks at birth

5. </= 2 days of age at study enrollment*

6. Weight at study enrollment >/= 2,000 grams

   • For purposes of this study, the calendar day of birth is Day of Life 0

Exclusion criteria

1. Evidence of neonatal HSV infection
2. Evidence of sepsis
3. Known renal anomalies or dysfunction
4. Maternal genital lesions suspicious for HSV at the time of delivery
5. Infants known to be born to women who are HIV positive (but HIV testing is not required for study entry)
6. Current receipt in the neonate of acyclovir, ganciclovir, famciclovir, or any investigational drugs

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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17 participants in 2 patient groups

Cohort 1

Experimental group

Description:

A cohort of neonates who are at risk of acquiring neonatal herpes simplex virus disease will receive 10 mg/kg of valacyclovir will be administered orally two times daily for 5 days. N=8

Treatment:

Drug: Valacyclovir

Cohort 2

Experimental group

Description:

If the safety profile and the drug exposure concentrations in Cohort 1 are acceptable, eight new subjects will be enrolled in Cohort 2. If the mean of observed acyclovir exposures of subjects in Cohort 1 are below 24,000 ngxhr/mL, AND if no Grade 3 or Grade 4 AEs or SAEs are detected in any of the study subjects, then the 8 subjects enrolled in Cohort 2 will receive oral valacyclovir at a dose of 20 mg/kg administered two times daily for 5 days. Alternatively, if the mean of observed acyclovir exposures of subjects in Cohort 1 are above 48,000 ngxhr/mL AND if no Grade 3 or Grade 4 AEs or SAEs are detected in any of the study subjects, then the 8 subjects enrolled in Cohort 2 will receive oral valacyclovir at a dose that has been linearly adjusted downward to target 36,000 ngxh/mL area-under-the-concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC12).

Treatment:

Drug: Valacyclovir