Nonpharmacological Methods for Children in Procedural Pain

Istanbul Medeniyet University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Procedural Anxiety; Procedural Pain

Treatments: Other: Distraction cards; Other: Buzzy; Other: Virtual reality

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT04421430

2017-10/9

Details and patient eligibility

About

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the distraction cards, virtual reality and Buzzy® methods on venipuncture pain and anxiety in children aged 7-12 years.

Full description

The International Guide to Pediatric Anesthesia (Good Practice in Postoperative and Procedural Pain) recommends pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods to effectively manage and prevent acute procedural pain in children. Nonpharmacological methods alone or in combination with pharmacological methods help reduce pain, and therefore, have become popular especially in recent years. For pain management, nonpharmacological methods are easy to use, and cost- and time-effective methods with no side effects. Studies have evaluated a large number of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for procedural pain management in children. However, most of those interventions are not used by healthcare professionals because they are expensive, time-consuming or hard to use. Therefore, easy-to-use, practical, non-invasive, cost-effective, and reusable nonpharmacological methods, such as distraction cards, virtual reality and Buzzy®, can be used especially in acute settings.

Enrollment: 160 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 7 to 12 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Due to undergo venipuncture for blood testing
• Suitable for venipuncture at antecubital location using a 21 Gauge X 1.5 inch needle
• Due to undergo venipuncture under the same environmental conditions (phlebotomy seat, heat, light, noise, etc.)
• Due to undergo venipuncture at the first attempt

Exclusion criteria

Children;

• had chronic diseases
• had neuro-developmentally delayed
• had visual, audio, or speech impairments
• were hospital stay for treatment
• had a history of sedative, analgesic or narcotic use within 24 hours before admission

Trial design

Primary purpose: Supportive Care

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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160 participants in 4 patient groups

Distraction cards group

Experimental group

Description:

Distraction cards was applied to the children in this group during the venipuncture procedure.

Treatment:

Other: Distraction cards

Virtual reality group

Experimental group

Description:

Virtual reality intervention was applied to the children in this group during the venipuncture procedure.

Treatment:

Other: Virtual reality

Buzzy® group

Experimental group

Description:

Buzzy® was applied to the children in this group during the venipuncture procedure.

Treatment:

Other: Buzzy

Control group

No Intervention group

Description:

The control group received the routine venipuncture procedure and did not receive any other non-pharmacological intervention.