Nutritional and Exercise Intervention in Older Adults Admitted to the Acute Care Unit (SERIA)

Fundacion para la Investigacion Biomedica del Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal

Status

Completed

Conditions

Older

Malnutrition; Protein

Sarcopenia

Treatments

Dietary Supplement: Oral Nutritional Supplementation

Other: Resistance Training

Other: Control Group

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT06607718

041/23

Details and patient eligibility

About

This is a randomised, parallel, single-blind clinical trial. Objectives: to evaluate: the impact of the intervention on nutritional status, body composition, strength, the prevalence of sarcopenia and physical performance at discharge and three months later..

Full description

Design: A randomised controlled clinical trial with four parallel groups is being conducted with older adults admitted to an acute geriatric unit at risk of malnutrition or with malnutrition. The participants are randomly assigned to one of the groups. Three assessment visits are being conducted: at admission, discharge, and three months later.

Setting: The study is being conducted in the Unidad de Agudos del Servicio de Geriatría at Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, by the Servicio Madrileño de Salud (SERMAS).

Interventions: four groups: 1) a resistance training group (RT); 2) an oral nutritional supplementation group (ONS); 3) a combination of RT and ONS (RT+ONS); and a control group (CG). The patients in the RT group follow individualized RT sessions with a physiotherapist daily during the hospitalization and three weekly home sessions on their own after discharge. The sessions are structured according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), mainly RT.

Study population: A study of malnourished or at-risk outpatients in our setting was used to calculate the sample size. In that study, with an alpha error of 0.05 and a beta of 0.80, the minimum sample size was 14 participants per group. Our objective is to include, at least, 21 participants per group, resulting in a total of 84 participants.

Sociodemographic and clinical variables are being collected (e.g., age, sex, living situation, number of drugs, falls). Information about nutritional and functional status (e.g., MNA, gait speed, Barthel, Lawton, and FAC), body composition (e.g., weight, height, body mass index, appendicular muscle mass index measured by bioimpedanciometry (BIA)), ultrasound measurements of the anterior rectus (area, thickness, and penation angle), and muscle strength (hand grip test) is also collected.

The first descriptive analysis of the variables will include frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviations for continuous variables. Changes in nutritional status will be analysed as well as the interaction between nutrition and exercise by repeated measures ANOVA. The prevalence of sarcopenia and the influence of each component of the sarcopenia definition on physical performance, ADLs, emergency room visits, and new admissions. Additionally, a survival analysis will be performed to compare the four groups. To assess the quality of ultrasound measurement, the relationship between each ultrasound variable and the bioimpedance score, as well as the diagnostic criteria for malnutrition and sarcopenia, will be analysed. Furthermore, ultrasound measurements will be correlated with the estimation of muscle mass using bioimpedance analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

The study is being conducted under the ethical standards set forth by the Comité de Ética de Investigación con Medicamentos (CEIm) of the Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Each participant is informed about the study and signs the informed consent before inclusion. The study has been designed and subsequently evaluated under Law 14/2007 on Biomedical Research, the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association on Ethical Principles for Medical Research on Human Beings, as well as the other ethical principles and legal regulations applicable according to the characteristics of the study.

Enrollment

105 patients

Sex

All

Ages

65+ years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Patients admitted to the Unidad de Agudos (Geriatric Acute Care) del Servicio de Geriatría at HU Ramón y Cajal who are at risk of malnutrition or malnutrition (defined with a MNA-SF score ≤ 11) and who sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

patients with estimated discharge within 72 hours.
Re-admissions (defined as previous admission in the Geriatric Acute Care in the last 3 months)
Patients taking ONS for more than two weeks.at the time of admission.
Patients suffering any illness or condition that prevents or contraindicates resistance physical exercise. and oral food intake.
Food allergies or intolerances that contraindicate the SNO.
Patients with advanced dementia (GDS stage 7) or palliative care.

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

Double Blind

105 participants in 4 patient groups

Resistance Training (RT)

Experimental group

Description:

They are performing programmed physical exercise started on the day of admission, focusing on muscle strength gain, and they are being taught how to continue exercising three times a week after discharge from hospital. Lower limb strength exercises (squats and knee extensions) and upper limb strength exercises (elbow flexion, lateral and frontal raises, and tractions) were performed. A progression of the load are being made by increasing one set per month and 2 to 4 repetitions per month depending on the patient's capabilities.

Treatment:

Other: Resistance Training

Oral Nutritional Supplementation (ONS)

Experimental group

Description:

They are receiving a hypercaloric, hyperproteic, oral nutritional supplement with vitamin D and CaHMB (ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate) (Ensure Plus Advance®), at a dose of two packets per day in two or more doses for 3 months.

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Oral Nutritional Supplementation

Control Group (CG)

Sham Comparator group

Description:

They are being treated according to standard clinical practice, which includes information from the health professionals on the ward on recommended dietary and exercise guidelines. When the treating team considers the use of an oral nutritional supplement to be indicated, it is being prescribed.

Treatment:

Other: Control Group

Resistance Training (RT) and Oral Nutritional Supplementation (ONS)

Experimental group

Description:

They receive joint treatment

Treatment:

Other: Resistance Training

Dietary Supplement: Oral Nutritional Supplementation