Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-surgical Treatment of Periodontitis

Medical University of Lodz

Status

Completed

Conditions

Fatty Acids, Unsaturated

Periodontitis

Therapeutics

Treatments

Dietary Supplement: fish oil

Procedure: SRP only

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT04477395

RNN/251/17/KE

Details and patient eligibility

About

Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease that lead to the loss of supportive tissues around the teeth with gradual deterioration of masticatory function and esthetics, resulting eventually in the decrease of the quality of life. Host immune response triggered by bacterial biofilm is responsible for the chronic periodontal inflammation and ongoing tissue loss. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus may be used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with PUFAs omega-3 in the patients with periodontitis stage III and IV.

Full description

Periodontitis is highly prevalent oral disease in humans affecting nearly 50% of the population worldwide. Periodontitis is multifactorial disease individually accelerated or decelerated by different factors. One of them, a bacterial biofilm, leads to dysbiosis and raise of Gram-negative bacteria.This results in the activations of immune response and clinical signs of periodontal tissue inflammation. Host modulation therapy seems to be an adequate concept for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The main assumption of this therapy is to reduce by-stander tissue destruction, to ensure rapid resolution of inflammation or even to promote regeneration of the periodontal tissues by modifying or down-regulating the destructive aspects of the host response and by up-regulating the protective or regenerative responses The goal of the present study was to assess the effect of high-dose omega-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA on the clinical outcome of non-surgical treatment of the patients with generalized periodontitis stage III and IV. It was presumed that dietary supplementation with high-dose EPA and DHA would have the potential to induce a measurable clinical outcome as a result of reduction of inflammation and minimizing tissue damage mediated by anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 PUFAs. To address this issue, a randomized clinical trial was designed in which EPA and DHA were supplemented in adjunction to the standard periodontal therapy, scaling and root planning (SRP). Clinical outcomes of active versus control therapies were measured in addition to the quantifications of saliva cytokines, chemokines, subgingival biofilm composition and serum levels of lipids.

Enrollment

50 patients

Sex

All

Ages

20+ years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

at least 18 scorable teeth (not including third molars),
≥4 teeth with PD ≥6 mm, CAL ≥5 mm,
radiographic evidence of bone loss more than one-third of the root length,
no periodontal treatment performed within last 6 months.

Exclusion criteria

smoking,
diabetes,
any diseases or disorders that compromise wound healing,
chronic inflammatory disease, history of radio- or chemotherapy,
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) intake > 3 days,
use of antibiotics or corticosteroids 3 months prior to the study.

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

Single Blind

50 participants in 2 patient groups

SRP plus fish oil

Experimental group

Description:

Patients will receive scaling and root planing (SRP) supplemented with the dietary fish oil rich in omega-3 PUFAs: 2.6 g of EPA and 1.8 g DHA daily for 6 months.

Treatment:

Procedure: SRP only

Dietary Supplement: fish oil

SRP alone

Active Comparator group

Description:

Patients will receive scaling and root planing (SRP) only.

Treatment:

Procedure: SRP only