Orange Juice Supplementation in Soccer Players

Ellen Cristini de Freitas

Status: Completed

Conditions: Healthy Athletes

Treatments: Dietary Supplement: Control drink (1L/d); Dietary Supplement: Orange juice (1L/d)

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; Industry

Identifiers

NCT03209596

ECdeFreitas

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study aimed to verify if orange juice supplementation can be a nutritional strategy to ensure an adequate energy and micronutrients ingestion, influencing metabolic responses of soccer players.

Full description

Thirty-four male soccer players aged 18.5 ± 0.5 years and BMI (Body Mass Index) of 21.41 ± 1.48 kg/cm2 were randomly divided into two parallel groups: (1) orange juice (n = 17), composed of individuals receiving 1 liter/day of orange juice; (2) control (n = 17) composed of individuals receiving 1 liter/day of control drink with the same proportion of total sugars as the orange juice. The recruitment process began in September 2013, the intervention was carried out from November 2013 to January 2014, and the data analysis started in February 2014. The sample size took into account the variances in total cholesterol, considering the high statistical variability of biochemical markers, which requires a sufficient number of samples to ensure representativeness and adequate statistical power of analysis, and that the reduction of total cholesterol is associated to the regular consumption of orange juice (Dourado et al., 2015). Based on unpublished data from a previous pilot experiment, it was expected that the total cholesterol of orange juice group would be 10% lower in relation to control group after intervention (orange juice = 123.41 ± 12.12 mg/dL, control drink = 37.80 ± 11.17 mg/dL). Thus, with a type I error α = 0.05 and a type II error β = 0.2 (80% power) the minimum sample size should have 12 individuals per group (n = 24). Considering the high layoffs rate in the team, the initial sample size of study was constituted by 17 individuals per group (n = 34). During the intervention, four individuals from control drink group failed the study protocol, and the study was concluded with 30 participants (orange juice n = 17 and control drink n = 13). Primary and secondary endpoints were the improvement of food intake and changes in biochemical markers, respectively. Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests evaluated normality and homogeneity of data, respectively. T-test was conducted to identify possible differences between groups at baseline. A mixed factorial ANOVA was applied to determine the effect of treatment and time, within and between groups (Sidak post hoc test), and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Food intake, biochemical biomarkers and body composition were assessed before and after the 60 days of intervention.

Enrollment: 30 patients

Sex: Male

Ages: 18 to 19 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Three consecutive years of soccer training prior to the start of the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Historic of chronic disease, use of hormones, drugs, vitamins supplements and/or other dietary supplements during the study.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Supportive Care

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Triple Blind

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30 participants in 2 patient groups

Orange juice

Experimental group

Description:

Seventeen individuals received 1 liter/day of pasteurized orange juice. Participants consumed the orange juice before and post exercise, the volume of juice per serving was 500 mL. On players' rest days, the juice was consumed throughout the day.

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Orange juice (1L/d)

Control drink

Active Comparator group

Description:

Thirteen individuals received 1 liter/day of control drink. The participants consumed the control drink before and post exercise, the volume of drink per serving was 500 mL. On players' rest days, the drink was consumed throughout the day. The control drink consisted of an aqueous solution containing sucrose (44 g), glucose (22 g), fructose (22 g), citric acid (11g) (proportionally 2:1:1:0.5) (USDA, 2016) (with the same proportion of total sugars as the orange juice, and without all others bioactive compounds of juice), dyestuff sunset yellow (0.05 g) and orange essence.

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Control drink (1L/d)