Organ Preservation Strategy of Total Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Low Rectal Carcinoma (OP-TNT)

Fudan University

Status and phase: Enrolling; Phase 2

Conditions: Rectal Cancer

Treatments: Combination Product: Total Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT05563922

B2022-334R

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an organ-sparing strategy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery （TEM） or endoscopic local resection for early low rectal cancer（cT 1-3N0M0）.Besides, the clinical complete response rate and near-clinical complete response rate, organ preservation rate, local recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate and quality of life （QoL） will also be assessed.

Enrollment: 56 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 75 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age≥18 years
• cT1-3N0M0 assessed by CT, MRI and ultrasound colonoscopy
• Rectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by biopsy pathology and the lower edge of the lesion was within 5cm from the anal edge
• Patients who have a strong desire to preserve the anus and are willing to accept neoadjuvant treatment, meanwhile is suitable for the implementation of organ preservation strategy after discussion within the multidisciplinary team of the hospital
• No previous treatment (including endoscopic resection, transanal local resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc.) before enrollment
• No contraindications to chemoradiotherapy
• No other colorectal organic diseases
• Voluntarily sign the informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Have received previous treatment (including endoscopic resection, transanal local resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc.) before enrollment
• Patients with concurrent colorectal organic diseases
• Patients with familial polyposis
• Patients with a previous history of colorectal surgery or pelvic radiotherapy that may affect the outcome of this treatment
• Pregnant or lactating women
• The patient or family members could not understand the conditions and objectives of this study
• With a history of uncontrolled epilepsy, central nervous system diseases, or mental disorders, their clinical severity may hinder the signing of an informed consent form or affect their compliance with oral medication
• It is difficult to achieve complete remission base on existing evidence , such as: maximum diameter of cT2/T3 tumor>4cm; suspicious Lateral lymph nodes (maximum diameter) =5mm; baseline CEA≥100; biopsy pathology contains signet ring cell carcinoma mucinous adenocarcinoma; evaluation team determines whether circumferential constrictive tumor should be included or not when necessary Severe heart disease, such as symptomatic coronary heart disease, New York Cardiology Association (NYHA) grade II or above severe congestive heart failure, or severe arrhythmia requiring pharmacological intervention, or a history of myocardial infarction within the last 12 months
• Organ transplantation requires immunosuppressive therapy
• Serious uncontrolled recurrent infections, or other serious uncontrolled concomitant diseases
• The baseline blood routine and biochemical indexes of the subject do not meet the following criteria: hemoglobin ≥90g / L; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5*10^9 / L; platelet ≥100*10^9 / L; ALT and AST≤ 2.5 times normal upper limit; ALP ≤2.5 times normal upper limit; serum total bilirubin <1.5 times normal upper limit; serum normal creatinine"<1 time upper limit; and serum albumin ≥30g / L

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

---

56 participants in 1 patient group

Neoadjuvant concurrent Chemoradiotherapy plus consolidation chemotherapy followed by TEM

Experimental group

Description:

All the patients will receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy ( CapOx + radiotherapy) for 2 cycles, one week after chemoradiotherapy, the first evaluation including MRI, colonoscopy, digital rectal examination and serum CEA will be conducted. Patients without tumor progression will continue 4 cycles of chemotherapy （CapOx） until next imaging and serum assessment. After the second assessment, for patients with tumor regression and suitable for TEM will receive local resection otherwise TME. Following treatment strategy will be made base on the final pathology evaluation after surgery, patients with good pathological response (ypT 0-1 without neural vascular invasion) will enter into the follow-up period, otherwise TME will be operated.

Treatment:

Combination Product: Total Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy