Outside the Cage (OTC) Robotic Esophagectomy

Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)

Status and phase: Not yet enrolling; Phase 1

Conditions: Esophageal Cancer

Treatments: Procedure: OTC MIE Esophagectomy

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06735638

2025-12036

Details and patient eligibility

About

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel non-intercostal robotic approach for minimally invasive esophagectomy (OTC MIE) in the treatment of esophageal cancer. This study aims to determine whether OTC MIE reduces the risk of acute and chronic chest pain compared to traditional minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) and improves postoperative outcomes for patients. Participants will undergo either the OTC MIE procedure or a traditional MIE approach as part of their treatment for esophageal cancer. Postoperative outcomes, including chest pain and recovery metrics, will be closely monitored. Follow-up assessments will be conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of the novel approach. The investigators aim to recruit 31 patients.

Full description

Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer diagnosis worldwide, with approximately 604,000 new cases in 2022. Esophagectomy remains a cornerstone of esophageal cancer treatment, typically combined with perioperative chemoradiation for locally advanced disease. The procedure can be performed using various approaches, including open surgery and minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). MIE combines laparoscopy with thoracic techniques such as video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or robotic-assisted surgery (RA), aiming to minimize trauma and improve both postoperative and long-term outcomes.

While VATS and RA have demonstrated reduced cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality compared to open esophagectomy, both methods still involve intercostal incisions. These incisions can cause trauma to intercostal nerves and bundles, potentially leading to acute and chronic postoperative chest pain. The evolution of minimally invasive techniques in thoracic and lung surgery has focused on reducing the size and number of incisions to minimize surgical trauma. However, even with these advancements, intercostal instrumentation remains a source of significant postoperative complications.

Our group has developed a novel non-intercostal robotic approach for thoracic surgery called Outside the Cage (OTC) RATS. This technique was successfully implemented in over 60 lung resections, with the first published series showing promising outcomes, including feasibility, safety, and reduced postoperative pain. Additionally, results from a phase I clinical trial (NCT05832112) confirmed the safety and feasibility of this approach, with trends indicating faster recovery and less postoperative pain. Based on this experience, we recently performed the world's first OTC esophagectomy and have since refined the technique with successful outcomes, including no conversions to open surgery, transfusions, or major complications.

This study is a prospective pilot phase I trial designed to assess the feasibility and safety of OTC MIE in patients treated for esophageal cancer. Patients eligible for participation will include those already scheduled for MIE based on clinical indications such as tumor size, location, and individual characteristics. By avoiding intercostal instrumentation, we hypothesize that the OTC MIE approach will positively impact postoperative outcomes, enhancing recovery and reducing complications.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of performing OTC MIE. The secondary objective is to systematically analyze the safety and postoperative recovery of patients undergoing this technique.

This trial is timely given our institution's extensive experience with both traditional MIE and OTC RATS. The results of this study could have significant implications for clinical practice by demonstrating the benefits of a non-intercostal approach for esophageal cancer surgery, potentially improving patient recovery and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.

Enrollment: 31 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

All patients with clinical stage I, II, or III esophageal cancer (cT1-3N0-2M0) scheduled to undergo minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) by VATS/RATS at the CHUM.

Exclusion criteria

• Age < 18 years old
• Inability to consent to the study
• Pregnancy

Trial design

Primary purpose: Other

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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31 participants in 1 patient group

Out of the Cage Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (OTC MIE)

Experimental group

Description:

Consented patients will undergo minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) using the Out of the Cage (OTC) robotic approach. This approach follows the standard procedural steps typically used in minimally invasive esophagectomy (e.g., laparoscopy and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery), with the primary difference being the incisions. Instead of intercostal incisions, the thoracic component of the procedure will be performed using 1 to 4 subcostal ports, tailored to the patient's anatomy and the case requirements.

Treatment:

Procedure: OTC MIE Esophagectomy