Personalized Robotic Telerehabilitation for Upper Limb Functional Recovery After Stroke in a Home-Based Setting (ROBOHOME)

University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

Status: Not yet enrolling

Conditions: Rehabilitation; Upper Extremity Paresis; Stroke; Motor Impairment; Hemiparesis

Treatments: Other: Virtual reality-based rehabilitation platform without robotic assistance; Device: Robotic-Assisted Telerehabilitation Virtual Reality-Based Telerehabilitation

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07590349

Prot. 0010201/i del 10/04/2026

Details and patient eligibility

About

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with upper-limb impairment representing a major determinant of functional limitation and reduced independence. Conventional rehabilitation approaches are often limited by accessibility, intensity, and long-term adherence, highlighting the need for innovative, home-based solutions.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a personalized robotic telerehabilitation program for upper-limb recovery in individuals with post-stroke motor impairment. The intervention combines a wearable robotic device with a virtual reality-based platform, enabling patients to perform structured, task-oriented exercises in a home environment under remote supervision.

Participants will be allocated to either a robotic-assisted telerehabilitation program or a control condition based on virtual reality-based rehabilitation alone. Motor recovery will be assessed using standardized clinical scales, including the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), along with measures of functional performance, patient-reported outcomes, and treatment adherence.

By integrating robotic assistance with telemedicine, this study seeks to enhance rehabilitation intensity, improve patient engagement, and facilitate continuity of care beyond traditional clinical settings. The results are expected to support the development of accessible, personalized rehabilitation pathways for individuals with stroke-related upper-limb disability.

Full description

This multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a personalized telerehabilitation protocol integrating a wearable robotic device with a virtual reality (VR)-based platform in individuals with post-stroke upper-limb impairment.

Stroke-related upper-limb dysfunction significantly affects daily activities, social participation, and quality of life. According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), participation is a key outcome; however, upper-limb disability represents a major barrier to inclusion.

Robotic rehabilitation and advanced technologies have demonstrated clinical effectiveness in improving motor function. However, their use is mainly limited to specialized centers. Home-based telerehabilitation enables continuity of care, enhances treatment intensity, and supports long-term recovery, while reducing the need for in-person sessions.

The intervention combines:

a wearable robotic device (EMOVO), a virtual reality telerehabilitation platform (VRRS Home Kit).

Participants will undergo a structured 4-week rehabilitation program consisting of daily 60-minute sessions administered at home and remotely supervised by rehabilitation professionals.

Participants will be randomized into:

an experimental group receiving robotic-assisted telerehabilitation, a control group receiving VR-based telerehabilitation alone.

The study will evaluate motor recovery, functional performance, patient-reported outcomes, treatment adherence, user satisfaction, and safety.

Enrollment: 70 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged 18 years or older
• Diagnosis of stroke with residual upper-limb motor impairment
• Upper-limb functional impairment defined by a Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score between 20 and 50
• Ability to understand study procedures and provide written informed consent
• Availability of a home environment suitable for telerehabilitation

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of severe neurological or musculoskeletal disorders affecting the upper limb
• Severe spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale ≥3)
• Severe upper-limb pain (Numerical Rating Scale >4)
• Skin lesions, infections, or conditions preventing safe use of wearable devices
• Participation in another interventional clinical trial
• Any medical or cognitive condition that may interfere with compliance or safe participation in the study

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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70 participants in 2 patient groups

Robotic-Assisted Telerehabilitation for Upper Limb Recovery

Experimental group

Description:

Participants assigned to this arm will receive a home-based telerehabilitation program supported by a wearable robotic device integrated with a virtual reality-based rehabilitation platform. The intervention consists of daily 60-minute sessions over a 4-week period and includes passive and active-assisted upper-limb mobilization, grasping and releasing exercises, task-oriented activities, and interactive exergaming exercises. All sessions will be remotely supervised by a physiotherapist, with individualized adjustments based on participant performance and progression.

Treatment:

Device: Robotic-Assisted Telerehabilitation Virtual Reality-Based Telerehabilitation

Virtual Reality Telerehabilitation Without Robotic Support

Active Comparator group

Description:

Participants assigned to this arm will receive a home-based telerehabilitation program delivered through a virtual reality-based rehabilitation platform. The intervention consists of daily 60-minute sessions over a 4-week period and includes upper-limb mobilization exercises, task-oriented training, and interactive exergaming activities. All sessions will be remotely supervised by a physiotherapist to ensure correct execution and adherence to the rehabilitation protocol.

Treatment:

Other: Virtual reality-based rehabilitation platform without robotic assistance