PGC-1 & Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes

Mayo Clinic

Status: Terminated

Conditions: Diabetes; Obesity

Treatments: Procedure: Euglycemic clamp; Behavioral: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.; Behavioral: Acute exercise bout; Procedure: VO2max.; Procedure: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies; Procedure: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02282423

13-006411

Details and patient eligibility

About

The goal of this study is to understand how and why insulin resistant individuals respond differently to exercise as compared with insulin sensitive individuals at the skeletal muscle and gene expression level.

Full description

The goal of this study is to understand how and why insulin resistant individuals respond differently to exercise as compared with insulin sensitive individuals at the skeletal muscle and gene expression level. The study has four aims including testing if MZF1, NFKB1, RELA, SP1/KLF and EGRI expression responses are outside of the normal range in insulin resistant individuals and how insulin resistance changes the cell biosynthesis process/ post translational modifications. It also aims to define the response of MiRNAs in healthy and insulin resistant individuals and determine if treatment with Gemfibrozil inhibits transcription processes.

Enrollment: 26 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 30 to 59 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria: Aims1-3

1. Age 30-59

2. BMI: Lean, BMI less than or equal to 25; Obese, BMI between 30-40; type 2 diabetic, BMI between 30-40.

3. Subjects must be able to communicate meaningfully with the investigator and must be legally competent to provide written informed consent.

4. Subjects may be of either sex with age as described in each protocol. Female subjects must be non-lactating and will be eligible only if they have a negative pregnancy test throughout the study period.

5. Subjects must range in age as described in each specific protocol.

6. Subjects must have the following laboratory values:

   • Hematocrit ≥ 35 vol%
   • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.6 mg/dl
   • AST (SGOT) < 2 times upper limit of normal
   • ALT (SGPT) < 2 times upper limit of normal
   • Alkaline phosphatase < 2 times upper limit of normal
   • Triglycerides < 150 mg/dl (except for Aim 4).

Aim 4

1. Age 30-59

2. BMI: Lean, BMI less than or equal to 25; Obese, BMI between 30-40.

3. Patients may have normal or impaired glucose tolerance.

4. Subjects must be able to communicate meaningfully with the investigator and must be legally competent to provide written informed consent.

5. Subjects may be of either sex with age as described in each protocol. Female subjects must be non-lactating and will be eligible only if they have a negative pregnancy test throughout the study period.

6. Subjects must have the following laboratory values:

   • Hematocrit ≥ 35 vol%
   • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.6 mg/dl
   • AST (SGOT) < 2 times upper limit of normal
   • ALT (SGPT) < 2 times upper limit of normal
   • Alkaline phosphatase < 2 times upper limit of normal
   • Triglycerides > 300 mg/dl for nondiabetics, > 250 mg/dl for impaired glucose tolerance.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects must not be receiving any of the following medications: thiazide or furosemide diuretics, beta-blockers, or other chronic medications with known adverse effects on glucose tolerance levels unless the patient has been on a stable dose of such agents for the past three months before entry into the study. Subjects may be taking a stable dose of estrogens or other hormonal replacement therapy, if the subject has been on these agents for the prior three months. Subjects taking systemic glucocorticoids are excluded. Patients with type 2 diabetes will be excluded if they are taking metformin or thiazolidinediones, but may be taking sulfonylureas or other medications known to work through effects on insulin secretion.
2. Subjects receiving Gemfibrozil must not also be receiving a statin.
3. Subjects with a history of clinically significant heart disease (New York Heart Classification greater than grade II; more than non-specific ST-T wave changes on the EKG), peripheral vascular disease (history of claudication), or pulmonary disease (dyspnea on exertion of one flight or less; abnormal breath sounds on auscultation) will not be studied.
4. Recent systemic or pulmonary embolus, untreated high-risk proliferative retinopathy, recent retinal hemorrhage, uncontrolled hypertension, systolic BP>180, diastolic BP>105, autonomic neuropathy, resting heart rate >100, electrolyte abnormalities.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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26 participants in 4 patient groups

Lean Controls

Experimental group

Description:

Lean controls will have BMI of 25 or less, gender specific normal body fat, and not be taking any medication that affects glucose metabolism. Interventions include OGTT, Clamp, VO2 Max, Exercise Test and Muscle Biopsy

Treatment:

Procedure: VO2max.

Procedure: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test

Behavioral: Acute exercise bout

Procedure: Euglycemic clamp

Behavioral: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.

Procedure: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies

Obese, Non-diabetic

Experimental group

Description:

Obese nondiabetics will have a BMI between 30-50 and not be taking any medication that affects glucose metabolism. Interventions include OGTT, Clamp, VO2 Max, Exercise Test and Muscle Biopsy

Treatment:

Procedure: VO2max.

Procedure: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test

Behavioral: Acute exercise bout

Procedure: Euglycemic clamp

Behavioral: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.

Procedure: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies

Diabetic

Experimental group

Description:

Diabetic patients will have a BMI between 30-50. We will recruit patients with mild or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes who are treated with diet, sulfonylureas, or other drugs working through enhanced insulin secretion. Patients taking metformin or TZDs will not be recruited due to the effects of those drugs on insulin action. Interventions include OGTT, Clamp, VO2 Max, Exercise Test and Muscle Biopsy

Treatment:

Procedure: VO2max.

Procedure: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test

Behavioral: Acute exercise bout

Procedure: Euglycemic clamp

Behavioral: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.

Procedure: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies

Non-diabetic

Experimental group

Description:

Patients will be nondiabetic, although we will include patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Patients will meet criteria for treatment with fibrates to lower plasma triglyceride concentrations (triglyceride\>300 mg/dl for nondiabetics, 250 mg/dl for patients with impaired glucose tolerance). We will aim at recruiting equal numbers of men and women. All participants will be between the ages of 30 and 59. Patients will have a BMI of 25-50 and not be taking any other medication that affects glucose metabolism. All participants will be sedentary (not reporting more than 10 minutes per day of light to vigorous leisure time physical activity. Interventions include OGTT, Clamp, VO2 Max, Exercise Test and Muscle Biopsy

Treatment:

Procedure: VO2max.

Procedure: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test

Behavioral: Acute exercise bout

Procedure: Euglycemic clamp

Behavioral: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.

Procedure: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies