Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl Following Intravenous and Oral Routes of Administration in Healthy Volunteers

Alza Corporation

Status and phase

Completed

Phase 1

Conditions

Biological Availability

Treatments

Drug: Fentanyl citrate; Naltrexone; Naloxone

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Industry

Identifiers

NCT00714558

CR003253

Details and patient eligibility

About

The purpose of the study is to compare the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl following i.v. and oral administration in healthy volunteers, and to assess the bioavailability of fentanyl following oral administration. Moreover, safety is assessed.

Full description

Fentanyl, is an opioid (morphine-like) drug, that has been demonstrated to be an effective pain-killer medication by the i.v. and transdermal (through skin) routes. Fentanyl is used just before, during, and after surgery for its sedative and pain-relieving actions. In addition, fentanyl is currently marketed for transdermal use (Duragesic fentanyl transdermal patch) for the management of chronic pain. The information on the bioavailability of fentanyl solution, following the oral route of administration, is sparse. This is a single-center, randomized (study drug assigned by chance), open-label, 2-treatment, 2-period, crossover study. Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment sequences (AB or BA) with a washout period of 6 to 14 days between treatments. The washout period commenced the day of dosing, after drug administration. Prior to the first treatment period, each healthy volunteer was challenged with naloxone to ensure that he/she was not dependent on morphine-like drugs. A negative naloxone challenge test was required for the healthy volunteer to be eligible for participation in the study. Each healthy volunteer received a 50 mg naltrexone tablet starting 14 hours before dosing and then twice daily ending 24 hours after dosing to block the fentanyl effects. Blood samples were collected, from the arm opposite to the 1 selected for fentanyl i.v administration, for determination of blood fentanyl levels at the scheduled time points. Pulse, blood pressure, breathing rate, body temperature were recorded to monitor the safety. The healthy volunteers were monitored for respiratory depression every 30 minutes during sleep periods. The healthy volunteers remained in the clinic throughout the blood sample collection periods, and were monitored for adverse events throughout the study.

Treatment A: 300 mcg fentanyl citrate administered i.v. over 15 minutes. The 300 mcg (6 mL) i.v. solution was diluted and infused at a rate of 1 mL/minute. Treatment B: 1 mg fentanyl citrate solution administered orally. One mg fentanyl citrate was ingested in 20 mL solution; Naltrexone (50 mg) was administered orally to each healthy volunteer in both periods starting 14 hours before dosing, and twice daily through 24 hours post-dose.

Enrollment

18 patients

Sex

All

Ages

18 to 45 years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Healthy, non smoker, men and nonpregnant nonlactating women
Weighing a minimum of 60 kg and were within 15% of ideal weight for height as described in the Metropolitan Life Insurance Height and Weight Standards
Who did not have a history or show presence of drug or alcohol dependence or abuse
And who had, after sitting for 5 minutes, blood pressure between the ranges of 100 to 150 mm Hg systolic and 50 to 90 mm Hg diastolic. Any decrease in systolic blood pressure after standing for 2 minutes had to be less than or equal to 20 mm Hg

Exclusion criteria

History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or any other lung disease, such as asthma, that would cause carbon dioxide retention
Known allergy or hypersensitivity to fentanyl or other opioids, naltrexone or naloxone
Usage of prescription medication (except for birth control medications, sex-hormone replacement or vitamins) within 14 days before Day 1, monoamine oxide inhibitors within 21 days prior to Day 1, over-the-counter medication (except for vitamin supplements or acetaminophen less than 2 gm/day) or herbal medication within 3 days prior to Day 1, alcohol, grapefruit juice, or caffeine within 48 hours before dosing
Consumption of more than 450 mg of caffeine per day (eg, approximately 5 cups of tea, 3 cups of regular coffee, or 8 cans of cola)