Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Tislelizumab Plus Radiotherapy and GP Chemotherapy for Borderline/Unresectable Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Jinbo Yue

Status and phase: Not yet enrolling; Phase 2

Conditions: Bile Duct Cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma; Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Treatments: Drug: Cisplatin or Oxaliplatin; Drug: Tislelizumab; Radiation: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT); Drug: Gemcitabine

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07030140

SDZLEC2024-364-03

Details and patient eligibility

About

This is a phase II, single-arm, prospective clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy combining stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), GP chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin/oxaliplatin), and tislelizumab in patients with borderline resectable or unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Eligible patients will receive SBRT followed by three cycles of tislelizumab plus GP chemotherapy. Patients with resectable disease after evaluation may undergo surgery and receive postoperative treatment as recommended by the multidisciplinary team. Those who remain unresectable will receive three additional cycles of systemic therapy. The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS); secondary endpoints include R0 resection rate, pathological complete response (pCR), surgical difficulty, progression-free survival (PFS), local control rate, and treatment-related safety.

Full description

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to its asymptomatic progression and challenging anatomical location. R0 resection remains the cornerstone of curative therapy, but many patients are initially considered borderline resectable or unresectable due to vascular involvement or lymph node metastasis.

Recent studies suggest that neoadjuvant therapy may improve resectability and survival outcomes by reducing tumor burden and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) offers precise local control, while GP chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin/oxaliplatin) has demonstrated efficacy in biliary tract cancers. Immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors, such as tislelizumab, has shown promise in enhancing antitumor immunity, especially when combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

This phase II, single-arm, prospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant SBRT followed by tislelizumab and GP chemotherapy in patients with borderline resectable or unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Patients will first receive SBRT to the gross tumor volume (GTV) at a dose of either 5Gy × 5-8 fractions or 4Gy × 15 fractions. After radiotherapy, participants will receive three cycles of tislelizumab (200mg Q3W) in combination with gemcitabine (1000mg/m² on Days 1 and 8) and cisplatin (25mg/m² on Days 1 and 8) or oxaliplatin (100mg/m² on Day 1), repeated every 21 days.

Patients will be re-evaluated after three cycles. If resectable, patients may undergo surgery, followed by additional postoperative therapy based on MDT recommendations. If unresectable, an additional three cycles of systemic therapy will be administered. The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints include R0 resection rate, pathological complete response (pCR), surgical difficulty, local control rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment-related adverse events.

Enrollment: 38 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 75 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18-75 years, histologically or cytologically confirmed hilar cholangiocarcinoma
• Borderline resectable or unresectable disease based on imaging and MDT evaluation
• ECOG performance status 0-1
• Adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function
• No prior anti-tumor therapy for current diagnosis
• Expected survival ≥ 3 months
• Signed informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Evidence of distant metastasis
• Prior treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
• Uncontrolled infection or serious medical comorbidities
• Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic therapy
• History of organ transplantation or immunodeficiency
• Pregnancy or lactation

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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38 participants in 1 patient group

Tislelizumab + SBRT + GP Chemotherapy

Experimental group

Description:

Participants will receive neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) followed by three cycles of combination therapy with tislelizumab and GP chemotherapy. SBRT: 5 Gy × 5-8 fractions or 4 Gy × 15 fractions to the primary tumor. Tislelizumab: 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks (Day 1 of each cycle). Gemcitabine: 1000 mg/m² IV on Days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. Cisplatin: 25 mg/m² IV on Days 1 and 8 OR Oxaliplatin: 100 mg/m² IV on Day 1 (based on clinical condition). After three cycles, patients will undergo re-evaluation. Those deemed resectable will undergo surgery and receive postoperative therapy based on multidisciplinary assessment. Patients remaining unresectable will receive an additional three cycles of the same systemic therapy.

Treatment:

Drug: Gemcitabine

Radiation: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)

Drug: Tislelizumab

Drug: Cisplatin or Oxaliplatin