Physical Activity and Sports for People With Visual Impairments

Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education

Status: Completed

Conditions: Visual Impairment; Blindness

Treatments: Other: Balance test, bilateral coordination test, fundamental motor skills test

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06318000

SN4/20/22

Details and patient eligibility

About

Purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the visual impairment degree and the level of children's fundamental motor skills, balance and bilateral coordination.

Full description

The participants were presented with the procedure of the study and informed that they could resign from their participation in the study at any stage. All participants legal guardians, were given the written informed consent form after the detailed written explanation of the risk and benefits resulting from participation in this study. Static balance was assessed using the portable AccuSway-Optimized (ACS-O) by AMTI stabilographic platform (ACS Model). The study participants performed the both feet 30 second, single 10 second left and right-leg stance with eyes open (EO), and both feet 30 second, left and right-leg stance with eyes closed (EC). If the first attempt was not successful, study participants were able to do the second attempt. The tests were conducted approximately 2 hours after a meal, in a sports outfit, in a specially designated room.

The functional assessment of locomotor skills will utilize the "locomotion" subtest, which is part of the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD-3) battery. In the selected "locomotion" subtest, the following movement tasks (locomotor skills) are assessed: Run, Gallop, Hop, Horizontal Jump, Skip, Slide.

The subtest 4 "Bilateral Coordination" of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) was used in this study. The BOT-2 is an individually administered test that includes goal-directed activities to measure a wide range of motor skills in individuals aged 4 to 21 years. Participants performed seven items:

1. Touching Nose with Index Fingers - Eyes Closed
2. Jumping Jacks
3. Jumping in Place - Same Sides Synchronized
4. Jumping in Place - Opposite Sides
5. Pivoting Thumbs and Index Fingers
6. Tapping Feet and Fingers - Same Sides Synchronized
7. Tapping Feet and Fingers - Opposite Sides

Enrollment: 76 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 7 to 17 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• written consent form,
• visual impairment (diagnosed)
• intellectual norm.

Exclusion criteria

• nervous system disorders,
• structural changes within the musculoskeletal system
• and intellectual limitations.

Trial design

76 participants in 2 patient groups

Persons with visual impairments

Description:

Youth aged 7-17 years, male and female, with congenital or acquired visual impairment

Treatment:

Other: Balance test, bilateral coordination test, fundamental motor skills test

Able bodied persons

Description:

Youth aged 7-17 years, male and female, without impairments

Treatment:

Other: Balance test, bilateral coordination test, fundamental motor skills test