Plasma TMAO and Choline Levels in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome - Comparison Between Eggs and Choline Supplement.

University of Connecticut

Status

Completed

Conditions

Coronary Artery Disease

Diabetes

Metabolic Syndrome

Treatments

Other: Eggs

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT03877003

H18-126

Details and patient eligibility

About

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of consuming either 3 eggs per day and compare it to daily choline supplement (choline bitartrate) for a dose of approximately 400 mg/day on plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) and plasma choline. The goal is to determine if choline given as phosphatidyl choline (from eggs) will have a more beneficial effect on plasma choline and microbiota.

Full description

Epidemiological data suggests that egg intake does not increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact eggs are a good source of phosphatidyl choline (PC) and choline has a number of metabolic roles including lipid metabolism, membrane structure, liver health and a neurotransmitter. Recent reports that choline may be metabolized by the intestinal microbiota into TMAO, a compound that may increase the risk for heart disease. It is not clear how much egg contribute to TMAO formation in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Therefore the objective of this study is to determine the impact of daily intake of 3 eggs versus a choline supplement on plasma TMAO and other biomarkers for CVD risk and also to assess if there are changes in microbiota with these interventions that might lead to the increases of TMAO in plasma.

Enrollment

25 patients

Sex

All

Ages

35 to 70 years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

All genders
35-70 years
Metabolic syndrome (based on 3 out of 5 characteristics: waist circumference > 88 cm for women and > 102 cm for men, plasma triglycerides > 150 mg/dL, fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL, blood pressure > 135/85 and HDL < 40 mg/dL for men and < 50 mg/dL for women),
willing to consume 3 eggs per day for 4 weeks
willing to consume choline supplement (400 mg/day for 4 weeks)

Exclusion criteria

Self-reported diaberes, cardiovascular disease, history of stroke, liver disease or cancer
Taking glucose lowering medications
Taking antibiotics in the previous 1 month
Triglycerides > 500 mg/dL,
Cholesterol > 240 mg/dL,
blood pressure > 145/100 mm of Hg
Allergic to eggs or to choline