Polyphenols in Sorghum and Iron Absorption

Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich

Status and phase

Completed

Early Phase 1

Conditions

Iron Absorption in Presence of Polyphenols

Treatments

Dietary Supplement: labeled iron solutions

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT01162616

PP_Fe_Study Sorghum

Details and patient eligibility

About

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are two major public health problems in developing countries. In these countries, the use of monotonous plant-based diets, low in animal source food but high in iron absorption inhibitors such as phytic acid or polyphenol, lead to poor iron status or aggravate poor iron status caused by infections. In many West African countries sorghum is a major source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals especially for the most poverty-stricken people. Some sorghum varieties are known to contain high levels of polyphenols which have an inhibitory effect on iron absorption in humans. Polyphenols are a huge group of plant metabolites with varying chemical structures. Depending on their structure, the level of complex formation with iron in the intestine and thus the negative effect on iron absorption is different.

Micronutrient deficiency can be combated by fortification of plant-based staples. Fortification is a promising food-based approach which can be applied when other strategies fail to provide adequate levels of the respective micronutrient in the diet. To fortify foods with iron, a wide variety of different iron compounds have been used. The iron compound sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic (NaFeEDTA) overcomes the inhibitory effect of phytate on human iron absorption. No information about the potential enhancing effect of NaFeEDTA in presence of polyphenol is available.

The aims of the study are to investigate the effect of different sorghum polyphenol concentrations on human iron absorption and to investigate if the negative impact of the polyphenols can be overcome by using NaFeEDTA as iron compound. The study will include 32 apparently healthy young women which will consume sorghum porridges with different polyphenol levels and sorghum porridges fortified with ferrous sulfate as compared to NaFeEDTA. Furthermore test meals with added vitamin C or added laccase will be compared to a control meal. Iron absorption will be determined by stable isotope technique.

Enrollment

50 patients

Sex

Female

Ages

18 to 40 years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Females of reproductive age, 18-40 years
Maximum body weight 65 kg
Normal body mass index (18.5-25 kg/m2)
No intake of mineral/vitamin supplements 2 weeks before and during the study
No metabolic or gastrointestinal disorders

Exclusion criteria

Pregnancy or lactation
Regular intake of medication (except oral contraceptives)
Blood donation or significant blood loss (accident, surgery) over the past 4 months
Currently participating in another clinical trial or having participated in another clinical trial during the last 3 months prior to the beginning of this study
Former participation in a study involving administration of iron stable isotopes
Subject who cannot be expected to comply with study protocol
Eating disorders or food allergy
High C-reactive protein levels (>5 mg/L)