Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Single and Multi-Joint Exercises with BFR and EMS in Male Volleyball Players (PAPE-BFR-EMS)

Karabuk University

Status: Active, not recruiting

Conditions: Muscle Strength; Volleyball Players; Post Activation Potentiation

Treatments: Other: Low-Load Resistance Exercise; Other: Blood Flow Restriction; Other: Electrical Muscle Stimulation

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06874829

UKarabuk-2

Details and patient eligibility

About

Investigators used a randomized controlled crossover design to compare the effect of blood flow restriction (BFR) and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) protocols on post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in multi-joint versus single-joint exercises. Participants took part in six test sessions 72 hours apart. In the BFR group, 50% of the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) was used. In the EMS group, a 75 Hz current was applied. In the Low Resistance exercise group, only exercise was performed without any condition. Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions.

Full description

Participants took part in six test sessions 72 hours apart. All tests were performed between 2 and 4 pm to reduce the influence of circadian rhythms or fatigue on performance. Anthropometric measurements, 1 RM test, and grip strength and serving speed tests were determined before the practice session on the first day as a control condition. On the other six experimental days, players were randomly assigned to protocols (BFR, EMS, and LOW-LOAD) using software (http://www.randomizer.org). In the BFR group, 50% of the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) was used. In the EMS group, a 75 Hz current was applied. In the Low Resistance exercise group, only exercise was performed without any condition. Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions. In all protocols, participants performed a standardized warm-up protocol consisting of a 5-minute run at 9 km/h on a treadmill and a general warm-up consisting of 3 minutes of whole-body light stretching exercises. Following the warm-up and pre-exercise protocols, grip strength and service speed tests were performed with rest periods.

Enrollment: 15 estimated patients

Sex: Male

Ages: 18 to 30 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Being healthy
• Male volleyball athletes
• Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions

Exclusion criteria

• Being under 18 years old
• Having a chronic disease
• Contraindication for Electromyostimulation (EMS)
• Contraindication for Blood Flow Restriction (BFR)
• Contraindications for exercise

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: Triple Blind

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15 participants in 3 patient groups

Blood flow restriction

Active Comparator group

Description:

In the BFR group, 50% of the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) was used.Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions.

Treatment:

Other: Blood Flow Restriction

Electrical muscle stimulation

Active Comparator group

Description:

In the EMS group, a 75 Hz current was applied. Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions.

Treatment:

Other: Electrical Muscle Stimulation

Low Load Resistance Exercise

Active Comparator group

Description:

In the Low Resistance Exercise group, only exercise was performed without any condition (BFR or EMS. Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions.

Treatment:

Other: Low-Load Resistance Exercise