Predictors of Emergency Department Use in Frail Patients (THE-Spoke 10)

University of Pisa

Status: Enrolling

Conditions: Autonomy; Alzheimer s Disease; Emergency Department Visits; Vascular Dementia; Elderly; Frailty

Treatments: Diagnostic Test: Plasma phosphorylated Tau 181

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07259499

25312_SICILIANO

Details and patient eligibility

About

When admitted to the emergency department (ED), elderly non-autonomous patients show high risk of adverse health outcomes. The prompt identification of ED use risk factors in such population is hence needed. While cognitive impairment is a known clinical risk factor, biomarkers of most prevalent dementias have been scarcely investigated as possible ED use predictors. Within this context, this prospective study aims at exploring whether plasma phospho-tau181 and cerebrovascular burden can predict ED use at 6 months in elderly non-autonomous patients, irrespective of frailty.

Full description

When admitted to the emergency department (ED), elderly non-autonomous patients show high risk of mortality, extended hospital stays and early readmission after discharge. The prompt identification of ED use risk factors in such population is hence urgently needed. Among these, cognitive impairment emerged as a key neurologic risk factor of ED use.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and cerebrovascular damage are the first cause of cognitive impairment in the general population. Several biomarkers have been proposed to distinguish different types of dementia during clinical practice. Considering AD, plasma phosphorylated tau 181 protein (ptau181) recently emerged as a biomarker which accurately predicts cerebrospinal ptau181 levels. Moreover, based on this evidence and on its minimally invasive nature, plasma ptau181 has been recently proposed as a biomarker to be employed during the AD diagnostic process, along with previously recommended procedures. Of note, plasma pTau181 levels are positively associated to confusional state risk in hospitalized patients. In parallel, cerebrovascular burden is commonly assessed in available neuroimages during the clinical characterization of cognitive impairments, and its severity has been associated to the severity of cognitive impairment. Within this context, no studies explored biomarkers of AD and vascular dementia as possible risk factors for ED use. Confirming such predictive value may result highly useful in stratifying the patients' risk of future adverse health outcomes during clinical practice.

Of note, non-autonomous elderly patients often suffer from multiple health problems. Such health problems concur to define patients' frailty, with higher frailty levels being associated with increased rates of adverse health outcomes, included ED use and mortality. Due to the multidimensional nature of frailty, several assessment methods have been developed. Specifically, recent literature proposed the use of multidimensional frailty indexes including relatively extended sets of variables available in public health databases. Among these, routinary assessed blood biomarkers and scales characterizing frailty from different clinical standpoints, e.g., nutritional status, autonomies of daily living, lower limb functionality, have been included. Demonstrating a relationship between biomarkers of cognitive impairment and ED use irrespective of patients' multidimensional frailty would highlight the importance of the neurological evaluation within the clinical assessment of non-autonomous elderly patients.

Within this context, the present study aims at investigating whether plasma ptau181 and cerebrovascular burden can predict ED use in non-autonomous elderly patients within a relatively short observational period, irrespective of multidimensional clinical frailty.

Enrollment: 110 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 65+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• fluency in Italian language,
• age higher than 64 years,
• loss of autonomies of daily living as assessed by the Katz Activities of Daily Living or in the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living questionnaires,
• having performed routinary blood exams in the 6 months prior to recruitment
• having performed head neuroimaging feasable for cerebrovascular burden assessment, i.e., Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), in the 6 months prior to recruitment.

Exclusion criteria

• withdrawal of the informed consent

Trial design

110 participants in 1 patient group

Elderly, non-autonomous Patients

Description:

Adult participants fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: fluency in Italian language, age higher than 64 years, loss of autonomies of daily living as assessed by the Katz Activities of Daily Living or in the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living questionnaires, having performed blood exams and a head neuroimaging feasable for cerebrovascular burden assessment, i.e., Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), in the 6 months prior to recruitment.

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: Plasma phosphorylated Tau 181