Preoperative Prophylactic Antibiotic Duration in Moderate to High Risk Ureteroscopy

University of California San Francisco (UCSF)

Status: Not yet enrolling

Conditions: Nephrolithiasis; Infections, Urinary Tract

Treatments: Other: Duration of antibiotics

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06149455

22-37824

Details and patient eligibility

About

The goal of this non-inferiority randomized controlled trial: is to test the hypothesis that the that there is no additional benefit from a longer course (7 days) versus a shorter course (2 days) of pre-operative antibiotics in patients with moderate to high risk of infection undergoing ureteroscopy. The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. Determine the safety and efficacy of a short course (2 days) as compared to a long course (7 days)
2. Identify secondary predictors of post-operative infectious complications

Full description

Post-operative infectious complications including urinary tract infection (UTI), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and sepsis are uncommon but potentially devastating complications after ureteroscopy. The clinical guidance from the American Urologic Association (AUA) and the European Association of Urology (EAU) is to provide treatment for symptomatic urinary tract infections however the management for asymptomatic patients with positive cultures or those patients who are otherwise at high risk of urinary tract colonization is unclear. As a result, there is significant practice variation in pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic prescription, even amongst fellowship trained endourologists, with some providers prescribing over ten days of pre-operative antibiotics while others offer none. This is a critical gap in our understanding of pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic utilization in a population of patients not only at higher risk of harboring multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms but are also more susceptible to deleterious outcomes due to their frailty. Recent randomized trials have demonstrated that short courses of pre-operative antibiotics are no less protective than long courses in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for stone removal. Ureteroscopy is the most commonly performed stone surgery worldwide. Establishing an evidence-based approach for antibiotic prophylaxis in the ureteroscopic surgical patient population will be impactful for a large number of patients. The goal of this study is to implement a well-designed randomized clinical trial to establish the standardized antibiotic protocol necessary to minimize unnecessary antibiotic use which may otherwise lead to adverse reactions and proliferation of multi-drug resistant organisms.

Enrollment: 72 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 99 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• age (greater than or equal to 18 years)
• indwelling ureteral stent in place
• nephrostomy tube in place
• indwelling foley catheter, suprapubic catheter or clean intermittent catheterization
• asymptomatic bacteriuria
• bowel interposition (such as ileal conduit, neobladder)
• immunosuppression (such as for transplant recipients, active chemotherapy use)

Exclusion criteria

• pregnancy
• active infection
• received antibiotics within 7 days preceding surgery that were not prescribed for the study

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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72 participants in 2 patient groups

Short duration of preoperative antibiotics (2 days)

Experimental group

Treatment:

Other: Duration of antibiotics

Long duration of preoperative antibiotics (7 days)

Active Comparator group

Treatment:

Other: Duration of antibiotics