Prevalence of Incontinence and Risk Factors in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Ghent University Hospital (UZ)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Urinary Incontinence

Treatments: Other: Questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries; Procedure: Uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02368262

2011/766.2

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study evaluates (risk)factors influencing (in)continence in children with and without a brain injury.

Full description

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) (Rosenbaum, 2007) gain bladder and bowel control at older age compared to typical developing children (Ozturk, 2006). The incidence of urinary incontinence during day and night, fecal incontinence and constipation is higher in this population.

Incontinence in children is often treated with urotherapy. This is a nonsurgical, nonpharmacological treatment for lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Standard urotherapy is noninterventional and it includes giving information, instructions, advice regarding life-style, fluid intake and bladder diaries. Additionally specific interventions can be used, such as: various forms of pelvic floor training, behavioral modification, biofeedback, electrical stimulation and catheterization (Neveus, 2006). Recent research has proven urotherapy to be successful for the treatment of children with daytime incontinence (Mulders, 2010).

Despite the high prevalence of incontinence in children with CP the possible treatment strategies in this population are poorly investigated. Far too often, urinary incontinence in children with CP is considered a normal, unavoidable and even a minor problem.

Aim: Analyze (risk) factors influencing (in)continence in children with and without CP.

Possible parameters will be registered through questioning, measurement (uroflow combined with pelvic floor EMG and postmictional residue) and retrospective analysis of the patient files. Parameters will be compared between continent and incontinent children with and without CP. This comparison evaluates whether the same therapeutic strategies can be applied in incontinent children with and without CP.

Enrollment: 79 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 5 to 12 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Daytime urinary incontinence with or without enuresis and/or fecal incontinence (Groups with incontinence)
• No urinary or fecal incontinence (Groups without incontinence)
• Cerebral palsy (Groups with children with CP)
• Normal development (Groups with children without CP)

Exclusion criteria

• Isolated urinary tract infections
• Isolated enuresis
• Isolated dysfunctional voiding
• Isolated fecal incontinence
• Anatomical abnormalities
• History of genitourinary or renal surgery
• Medication for incontinence during the last 3 months
• Pelvic reeducation during the last 6 months
• Other neurologic problems influencing continence

Trial design

79 participants in 4 patient groups

CP- incontinent

Description:

Children with CP and daytime incontinence. Evaluation consisted of a questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries, uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan.

Treatment:

Procedure: Uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan

Other: Questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries

CP- continent

Description:

Children with CP without daytime incontinence. Evaluation consisted of a questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries, uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan.

Treatment:

Procedure: Uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan

Other: Questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries

NoDev - incontinent

Description:

Children with normal development with daytime incontinence. Evaluation consisted of a questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries, uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan.

Treatment:

Procedure: Uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan

Other: Questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries

NoDev - continent

Description:

Children with normal development without daytime incontinence. Evaluation consisted of a questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries, uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan.

Treatment:

Procedure: Uroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan

Other: Questionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries