Refametinib in Combination With Sorafenib in RAS Mutant Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Bayer

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 2

Conditions: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Treatments: Drug: Sorafenib (BAY43-9006); Drug: Refametinib (BAY86-9766)

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Industry

Identifiers

NCT01915602

16728

2013-000241-39 (EudraCT Number)

Details and patient eligibility

About

This is a study to investigate the potential clinical benefit of refametinib when given in combination with sorafenib as first line treatment in patients with unresectable or metastatic HCC carrying a RAS mutation. The study will be conducted in 2 stages. Approximately 95 patients (15 at Stage 1/ 80 at Stage 2) will be accrued to this study to receive treatment. Stage 2 of the trial will only be conducted if at least 5 out of 15 patients at Stage 1 show at least partial response according to an objective criteria to evaluate tumor size based on contrast enhancement [modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST)] assessed by external independent radiologists.

Refametenib is an oral (i.e. taken by mouth) protein kinase inhibitor. A kinase inhibitor targets certain key proteins that are essential for the survival of the cancer cell. By specifically targeting these proteins, refametinib in combination with sorafenib may stop cancer growth. The growth of the tumor may be decreased by preventing these specific proteins from functioning.

The primary endpoint (the most meaningful result to be tracked) of this study is based on the rate of response, i.e. the disease getting smaller. The aim is to show that the therapy with refametinib in combination with sorafenib improves the response rate in this patient population compared to historical results observed with the sorafenib only.

Enrollment: 14 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Eligibility criteria for RAS mutation testing

• Unresectable or metastatic HCC, confirmed either by histology or clinically according to the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) criteria for cirrhotic patients. For non-cirrhotic patients, histological confirmation is mandatory.
• Male or female ≥18 years of age.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance state 0 or 1.
• Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks.
• No prior use of targeted agents, experimental therapy or systemic anti-cancer treatment.
• No previous treatment with sorafenib or refametinib. Criteria for study treatment eligibility
• Patient must harbor GTPase Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) or Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutation based on Beads, emulsions, amplification, and magnetic technology, sensitive mutation detection (BEAMing) plasma test.
• Patients must have at least one uni-dimensional measurable lesion by Computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic resonance (MR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) which is either naïve (not previously treated by local therapy such as surgery, radiation therapy, hepatic arterial therapy, chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection or cryoablation) or previously treated and has progressed until baseline (both measureable lesion and/or progressed lesion have to be confirmed by central image review of baseline and progression scan).
• ECOG performance status of 0 or 1.
• Liver function status of Child-Pugh Class A.
• Adequate bone morrow, liver, and renal function
• Patient has within normal range cardiac function confirmed by the enrolling clinical institute as measured by echocardiogram or multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) scan.
• Patients who are therapeutically anti-coagulated with an agent such as warfarin or heparin are allowed to participate provided that no prior evidence of underlying abnormality in these parameters exists. Close monitoring of at least weekly evaluations will be performed until International normalized ratio (INR) is stable (within Child Pugh class A threshold) based on a measurement at pre-dose, as defined by the local standard of care.

Exclusion criteria

• Any Cancer curatively treated < 3 years prior to study entry, except cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS), treated basal cell carcinoma, and superficial bladder tumors [Staging: noninvasive papillary tumor (Ta), CIS carcinoma (Tis) and tumor invades lamina propria (T1)].
• Patients who are eligible for surgery, liver transplantation, ablation or transarterial chemoembolization for HCC.

History of cardiac disease:

• Congestive heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) > class 2.
• Unstable angina (angina symptoms at rest, new-onset angina i.e. within the last 3 months) or myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 6 months prior to start of screening.
• Cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy.
• QTc (corrected QT interval) > 480 ms
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure [BP] >150 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg despite optimal medical management).
• Ongoing infection > Grade 2 according to National Cancer Institute - Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 (NCI-CTCAE version 4.03) Hepatitis B is allowed if no active replication (defined as abnormal Alanine aminotransferase [ALT] >2x Upper limit normal [ULN] associated with Hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA >20,000 IU/mL) is present. Hepatitis C is allowed if no antiviral treatment is required.
• Known history of, or symptomatic metastatic brain or meningeal tumors (head CT or MR at Screening to confirm the absence of central nervous system [CNS] disease if patient had symptoms suggestive or consistent with CNS disease).
• History of interstitial lung disease (ILD).
• History of hepatic encephalopathy.
• History of organ allograft, cornea transplantation will be allowed.
• History or current evidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) or central serous retinopathy (CSR).
• Visible retinal pathology as assessed by ophthalmologic exam that is considered a risk factor for RVO or CSR.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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14 participants in 1 patient group

Refametinib and Sorafenib (Nexavar)

Experimental group

Description:

In Cycle 1 reduced sorafenib dose (600 mg daily; 200 mg in the morning + 400 mg in the evening) is administered, which is escalated to the standard dose in Cycle 2, if no Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR), fatigue, or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities of grade 2 or higher occur. For the purposes of data recording, the treatment period will be divided into 3-week cycles. Patients will continue on treatment until at least one of the following occurs (main criteria): Progressive Disease (PD) {PD as defined by mRECIST criteria or clinical progression \[e.g. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of ≥3\], treatment may be continued past radiological progression, provided the patient derives clinical benefit as judged by the treating physician.}, Death, Unacceptable toxicity, Subject withdraws consent, Treating physician determines discontinuation of treatment is in the subject's best interest, Substantial non-compliance with the protocol

Treatment:

Drug: Sorafenib (BAY43-9006)

Drug: Refametinib (BAY86-9766)