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Rifaximin for Infection Prophylaxis in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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Emory University

Status and phase

Completed
Early Phase 1

Conditions

Microbial Colonization

Treatments

Drug: Rifaximin

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT03529825
IRB00101158

Details and patient eligibility

About

Primary purpose of the study is to see if rifaximin can improve the balance of bacteria within the gut, which has been shown to improve transplant outcomes. It will also assess whether rifaximin can reduce the risk of infection in blood/marrow transplant (BMT).

Full description

This study is for patients who will be having a blood/marrow transplant (BMT) to treat leukemia, lymphoma or other cancer of the blood. The blood or marrow cells will come from another person (donor)-allogeneic BMT. Bacterial infections and acute graft versus host disease (AGVHD) are frequent complications of allogeneic BMT. Bacterial infections sometimes happen because injury to the gut during transplant allows gut bacteria to cross the injured gut barrier and get to the blood. AGVHD happens when certain white blood cells, called T-cells, in the donor cells (the graft) attack the patient's body.

Primary purpose of the study is to see if rifaximin can improve the balance of bacteria within the gut, which has been shown to improve transplant outcomes. It will also assess whether rifaximin can reduce the risk of infection in blood/marrow transplant (BMT).

Enrollment

26 patients

Sex

All

Ages

2 to 21 years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  1. Allogeneic HSCT recipients between the ages of 2 and 21 years.
  2. Underlying hematologic malignancy, regardless of donor type or graft source.
  3. Myeloablative conditioning regimen.

Exclusion criteria

  1. Known hypersensitivity to rifaximin, or other rifamycin antimicrobial agents.
  2. Minimally toxic conditioning regimen (e.g. low dose TBI based). Since these regimens induce minimal myelosuppression and gut injury, patients receiving them probably stand little to gain from antibiotic prophylaxis.
  3. Patients with ongoing bacterial, viral or fungal active infections are not eligible for this study. Patients who remain on broad spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of a previous infection are not eligible.
  4. The use of prophylactic antibiotics is not permitted.
  5. Following the standard practice in blood and marrow transplantation, pregnant or breast feeding patients will be excluded

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Non-Randomized

Interventional model

Single Group Assignment

Masking

None (Open label)

26 participants in 2 patient groups

Rifaximin
Experimental group
Description:
Rifaximin will be administered twice a day orally or by nasogastric tube to patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Treatment:
Drug: Rifaximin
Retrospective comparison cohort
No Intervention group
Description:
Thirty six patients who underwent HSCT for hematologic malignancies, and received myeloablative conditioning, without prophylactic antibiotics, between 2013-2017 enrolled in the Aflac biorepository will comprise the comparison arm. Clinical data on transplant and infection characteristics is available and linked to stool microbiome samples already analyzed and described. Stored plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells are available for further analysis.

Trial contacts and locations

1

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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

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