Role of Lung Ultrasound Imaging in the Comparison of Two Mechanical Ventilation Strategies During Laparotomy

Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Atelectasis

Treatments: Other: PEEP and recruitment maneuvers; Other: ZEEP (no PEEP nor recruitment maneuver)

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02055807

13.293

Details and patient eligibility

About

The use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuvers during laparotomy will limit the development of atelectasis and therefore improve the aeration score.

Full description

Postoperative pulmonary complications contribute to the morbidity of surgical patients. During general anesthesia, up to 90% of patients will develop atelectasis, which is thought to be a major contributing factor to their development. The adjustment of ventilator settings to prevent the occurrence of atelectasis and reduce pulmonary complications remains controversial. Despite the use of similar mechanical ventilation strategies, two recent studies (IMPROVE, PROVHILO) involving 1300 patients diverged in their conclusions regarding the impact of these strategies in the prevention of pulmonary complications. In these studies, the absence of imagery to assess the pulmonary end-result of the different ventilation strategies complicates the interpretation of their results.

On arrival in the operating theatre, each patient will undergo a baseline lung ultrasound examination. The anesthetic technique and monitoring will be standardized. The radial artery will be cannulated after induction of anesthesia for blood gas monitoring. Ventilator settings will be adjusted according to randomization.

A second lung ultrasound examination will be performed 5 minutes following induction of general anesthesia. In the PEEP group, a lung ultrasound examination will be performed immediately following the first recruitment maneuver. A lung ultrasound examination will also be performed at the end of surgery before emergence of general anesthesia.

Fifteen minutes after arrival in the recovery room, a last lung ultrasound examination will be performed. Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and vital signs will be recorded during each ultrasound examination. Arterial blood samples will be collected simultaneously. The aeration score will be calculated for each lung ultrasound examination.

Enrollment: 44 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Patients aged 18 years and older
• Scheduled for surgery by laparotomy (expected to last at least 2 hours)
• American Society of Anesthesiologists classification: physical status 1-3

Exclusion criteria

• Previous thoracic procedure (thoracic drain, thoracotomy, thoracoscopy)
• Contraindication to the placement of an arterial line
• Very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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44 participants in 2 patient groups

PEEP and recruitment maneuvers

Experimental group

Description:

A PEEP of 7 cm H2O will be applied starting after intubation until the end of surgery. Recruitment maneuvers (continuous positive pressure of 30 cm H20 for 30 seconds) will be initiated following intubation and repeated every 30 minutes during surgery and immediately prior to extubation. Lung ultrasound examinations will be performed at different time-points immediately before surgery, during surgery under general anesthesia and after surgery in the recovery room to detect and monitor atelectasis.

Treatment:

Other: PEEP and recruitment maneuvers

ZEEP (Zero end-expiratory pressure)

Active Comparator group

Description:

No PEEP nor recruitment maneuvers will be used during surgery. Lung ultrasound examinations will be performed at different time-points immediately before surgery, during surgery under general anesthesia and after surgery in the recovery room to detect and monitor atelectasis.

Treatment:

Other: ZEEP (no PEEP nor recruitment maneuver)