Role of the Nitric Oxide (NO) in Pre-oxygenation Before Anesthetic Induction in Patients With a Pulmonary Hypertension in Cardiac Surgery. Pilot Study of Feasibility (NOCaPH)

University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand

Status and phase

Unknown

Phase 2

Conditions

Pulmonary Hypertension

Treatments

Drug: Nitric oxide

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT02345616

2014-003338-15 (EudraCT Number)

CHU-0221

Details and patient eligibility

About

The pulmonary hypertension (HTP) due to a left heart disease or a hypoxemiant lung disease is frequent in cardiac surgery. The HTP represents an independent risk factor of morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery, entering to the criteria of Euroscore evaluation (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation).

An acute perioperative hemodynamic decompensation of these patients is frequent. Perioperative hemodynamic modifications, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, sympathetic stimulation, increase pulmonary vascular resistances (RVP) and might provoke right ventricular failure.

The anesthetic induction and the beginning of mechanical ventilation are the most sensible times due to the risk of hemodynamic decompensation. The suppression of the sympathetic tonus which is consequence of the anesthetic induction, decrease the systemic vascular resistances and lead to decrease of blood pressure. In return, the anesthetic induction is associated with an increase of pulmonary vascular resistances, resulting in increase of the postcharge and the work of the right ventricle (VD). These systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic modifications can lead to equalization, or even an inversion of the systemic and pulmonary pressures. As consequence, a hemodynamic collapse or even a heart arrest can arise.

The patients suffering from HTP are hypoxemic. They have very limited oxygen reserves due to decrease of the functional residual capacity (CRF). The apnea period, which follows the anesthetic induction, is often associated with a fast desaturation, even if a good pre-oxygenation was performed before. This desaturation causes an increase of the pulmonary vascular resistances with the hemodynamic consequences previously mentioned. A risk of hypoxic heart arrest is also present.

Nitric Oxide (NO) is an endogenous mediator produced from the vascular endothelium. The NO is a powerful vasodilator and is used in intensive care in inhaled way as selective pulmonary vasodilator (iNO). NO decreases the RVP, the shunt effect and improves the oxygenation by optimization of ventilation-perfusion ratio. The short lifetime of iNO (6sec approximately) allows a fast metabolism without inducing any undesirable effects such as the systemic hypotension.

No studies, until now, have investigated the use of iNO in pre-oxygenation before anesthetic induction in cardiac surgery.

We hope to demonstrate that iNO used in oxygenation before anesthetic induction will have a beneficial effect on the respiratory and cardiovascular parameters.

Our objective is to estimate the feasibility and the tolerance of iNO before anesthetic induction of the patients with a moderate or severe HTP programmed for cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The effect will be estimated in terms of efficiency (hemodynamic and respiratory optimization).

Full description

Before the anesthetic induction every included patient will follow these protocol:

Standard monitoring (ECG Electrocardiogram, SpO2 Pulsed oxygen saturation)
Insertion of radial arterial line and periferic IV line under local anesthesia,
Insertion of a internal jugular central line and Swan Ganz catheter under local anesthesia
Preoxygenation in 100% oxygen for 10 min
Further preoxygenation with a mixture of 100% oxygen associated with the iNO in a dose of 1,2 L / mn.
Anesthesia induction and initiation of mechanical ventilation.
Progressive decrease of iNO dose and stop of iNO administration.

Enrollment

30 estimated patients

Sex

All

Ages

18+ years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Age > 18 years old

Open-heart cardiac surgery
HTP Pulmonary hypertension (class 2 or 3) with PAPs (Systolic pulmonary artery pressure) > 40 mmHg diagnosed by preoperative righ cardiac catheterization or by transthoracic echocardiography.
Patient have signed their consent according to the modalities described by the Code of Public health system.
Patients affiliated to a national insurance (social security) system.

Exclusion criteria