Role of Virtual Reality in Improving Balance in Patients With Myelopathy

National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, India

Status: Completed

Conditions: Myelopathy; Virtual Reality

Treatments: Other: Virtual Reality

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03591497

IEC (BS & NS DIV)/2017-18

Details and patient eligibility

About

Balance of the body is achieved by the coordination of three major systems, visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sensation and by the reflexive control of the limbs. In myelopathy, factors like balance and posture, range of motion, muscle strength, coordinated motor control, muscle tone and proprioception are affected. Balance and gait rehabilitation is an important goal in myelopathy. Virtual reality (VR) is a computer based technology that is used for task oriented biofeedback therapy in rehabilitation. This study was envisioned to observe the utility of VR in rehabilitation for improving balance in patients of myelopathy.

Full description

Balance of the body is achieved by the coordination of three major systems, visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sensation and by the reflexive control of the limbs. Static balance which determines the ability to maintain postural stability during sitting or standing is important to perform daily functional activities. Dynamic balance on the other hand is the ability to respond and adjust to a moving floor or any external stimuli or perturbation and is a requirement for successful gait performance.

In myelopathy, factors like balance and posture, range of motion, muscle strength, coordinated motor control, muscle tone and proprioception are affected. Lack of normal postural synergy and sensory motor integration of lower limbs and trunks and spatial information that regulate upright position and sitting balance leads to balance dysfunction in the population. Hence patient develops compensatory strategies. But ambulation involves the intricate coordination of leg movements, regulating upright posture and balance and adaptation to environmental changes. Hence balance and gait rehabilitation is an important goal in myelopathy.

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer based technology that is used for task oriented biofeedback therapy in rehabilitation. It constructs a virtual environment resembling a situation in the real world and provides multimodal sensory cues. VR ranges from non immersive to semi immersive to fully immersive, depending on the degree to which the user is isolated from the physical surroundings when interacting with the virtual environment.

In virtual reality training, participants perform functional stretching of their extremities, learn postural control of the trunk and practice weight shifting. As the level of difficulty and speed are increased for various tasks, the movement of the body's center of gravity beyond the base of support increases thus increasing the proprioceptive sensations to the joints and improves the subject's ability to adjust balance. Hence it encourages dynamic motions and functional mobility. The VR environment can be controlled and manipulated in advance to fine tune the exercises and meet individual needs. It is interactive as well as enjoyable.

Studies indicate that spinal reflex circuitry exhibits activity dependent plasticity (the capacity of the nervous system to modify its organization). Intensive task specific training is one of the most effective ways to promote neuroplasticity and develop more normalized movement patterns. VR uses this principle of neuroplasticity to promote motor relearning. Literature supports the use of VR as an effective rehabilitative tool in individuals with stroke, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders.

There are few studies on balance rehabilitation in myelopathy from this part of the world. Due to absence of any guidelines, identifying the most suitable type of VR system, defining the most appropriate treatment dosing, timing and intensity of training for the therapeutic application is a challenge. This study was envisioned to observe the utility of VR in rehabilitation for improving balance in patients of myelopathy.

Enrollment: 33 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 60 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Patients with myelopathy with neurological level of injury below C4.
2. Both traumatic and non-traumatic myelopathy.
3. Duration of illness less than 6 months.

Exclusion criteria

1. Severe orthopedic or medical impairment that interfered with sitting.
2. Upper limb muscle power <3/5.
3. Cognitive or visual impairment.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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33 participants in 2 patient groups

Intervention Group

Experimental group

Description:

Instrument to be used: Software Neuro@home (semi immersive virtual reality system for neurological rehabilitation) was used. In each of the sessions, an avatar on screen that representing the patient was regulated by the patient to perform a virtual task that focused on the training of a specific body part. Programme schedule: Each session of virtual reality therapy lasted for thirty minutes. Day 0 included an orientation to the machine with five minutes of gaming. This was followed by virtual reality therapy for five days a week at the same time of the day for three consecutive weeks.

Treatment:

Other: Virtual Reality

Control Group

No Intervention group

Description:

Virtual reality sessions were not provided.