Salvation Army Tobacco Quit Line Referral Implementation Trial

University of Wisconsin (UW)

Status: Invitation-only

Conditions: Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use

Treatments: Behavioral: Consumer Incentives for Immediate Referral to a Tobacco Quit Line; Behavioral: Staff Tobacco Quit Line Referral Implementation Support; Behavioral: Cognitive-Motivational Feedback

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; NIH

Identifiers

NCT06689774

UG3CA293756 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

A534253 (Other Identifier)

2024-0978

Protocol Version 11/3/25 (Other Identifier)

Details and patient eligibility

About

The goal of this clinical trial is to understand how the Salvation Army staff can help people who use tobacco learn about and connect with no-cost treatments to help cut down or quit smoking. Researchers will gather information about the thoughts and experiences of people who smoke tobacco and receive services at the Salvation Army, as well as the experiences of the staff offering support to help treat tobacco use.

Full description

In this 2-year pilot study, a team of Salvation Army personnel and consumers will work with a member of the University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention Regional Outreach team to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies to connect Salvation Army service consumers with the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line for help quitting smoking. The study team will pilot test and refine an enhanced implementation support protocol designed to help Salvation Army teams adapt quitline referral workflows and implementation strategies to fit well with the culture and climate of participating Salvation Army sites, and to enhance Salvation Army staff readiness to connect the consumers they serve with the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line. The study team will also pilot test and refine a strategy that Salvation Army personnel can use to incentivize acceptance of Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line connections by consumers while they are at the Salvation Army service center. To evaluate and enhance the 2 implementation strategies of interest in this study (enhanced implementation support for personnel and an incentive for consumers to accept a connection with the Quit Line while at the Salvation Army), the study team will conduct qualitative interviews with both personnel and consumers at Salvation Army sites, and will collect survey data from personnel and consumers. Service records from both the Salvation Army and Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line will also be collected for this study to help evaluate the reach of the tobacco treatment intervention, and the representativeness of its reach across subpopulations of consumers. Data regarding the process of implementing Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line referral in the Salvation Army will also be gathered via observation and recordings of project team meetings. These sources of data will be integrated to help evaluate how well the strategies of interest work in 2 Salvation Army sites, and to refine these in preparation for a full-scale cluster-randomized clinical trial.

Enrollment: 233 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18 or older
• Involved in the management, delivery, or receipt of social services offered by a participating Salvation Army site, or a member of the University of Wisconsin-Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention Outreach Team supporting Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line implementation
• Able to speak English, Spanish, or another language for which an interpreter is available

Exclusion criteria

• Children under the age of 18
• Unable to speak a common language with a study team member or available interpreter

Trial design

Primary purpose: Health Services Research

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Sequential Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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233 participants in 2 patient groups

Enhanced Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) Referral Implementation Support

Experimental group

Description:

Both participating sites in this pilot study will be in this experimental enhanced implementation support arm to help us iteratively enhance the feasibility, acceptability, and sustainability of implementation strategies to support WTQL referral in these sites. Salvation Army personnel at participating sites will receive implementation training and ongoing support to help enhance the fit of WTQL referral in their workflows, culture, and climate, and to enhance staff readiness to connect the consumers they serve with the WTQL. No consumer incentives for connecting with the Quit Line immediately by phone will be offered in this arm so it can serve as active comparator condition for the incentivized arm described below.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Cognitive-Motivational Feedback

Behavioral: Staff Tobacco Quit Line Referral Implementation Support

Incentivized Immediate Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) Referral

Experimental group

Description:

In this experimental condition, Salvation Army personnel will implement an incentive strategy designed to encourage Salvation Army consumers to accept immediate referral to the WTQL. The incentive strategy will be adapted by Salvation Army personnel to fit in the local context, and staff will receive training and ongoing support in implementation of the incentive strategy. The modest incentives will be added in a staggered manner across the 2 Salvation Army sites participating in this pilot trial, after at least 3 months of implementing WTQL referral without consumer incentives for immediate calls.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Cognitive-Motivational Feedback

Behavioral: Staff Tobacco Quit Line Referral Implementation Support

Behavioral: Consumer Incentives for Immediate Referral to a Tobacco Quit Line