SaniVac Trial - Sanitation and Oral Rotavirus Vaccine Performance

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Status

Completed

Conditions

Enteric Infections

Rotavirus Infections

Environmental Enteric Dysfunction

Treatments

Other: Sanitation

Study type

Observational

Funder types

Other

Other U.S. Federal agency

Identifiers

NCT03313128

QA919

Details and patient eligibility

About

This is a controlled cohort study to assess the effect of improved sanitation on oral rotavirus vaccine performance in low-income urban neighbourhoods of Maputo, Mozambique. The specific hypotheses are that: (1) access to improved sanitation is associated with increased oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; (2) enteric infection concurrent to oral rotavirus vaccination is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; and (3) Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity.

Pregnant women will be enrolled from the intervention and control arms of a previous sanitation trial (NCT02362932) post-intervention and will be enrolled at no later than eight months' gestation and then followed to 4 months of age of the infant. Blood samples and faeces will be taken from the infant at the time of administration of the first dose of the oral rotavirus vaccine and four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine.

The primary outcome of interest in the study is oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity among participating vaccinated infants. Seroconversion is defined as a ≥ fourfold rise in serum anti-rotavirus IgA titers between first dose of oral RV vaccine and 4 weeks (+/- 1 week) after second dose of oral RV vaccine. Enteric infections are defined as the presence of ≥ 1 of the following enteric infections in stool: adenovirus 40/41, rotavirus A, norovirus GI/GII, Salmonella spp. (including serovars Typhi and Paratyphi), Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari), Shigella spp. (S. boydii, S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae), Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST, E. coli O157, Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) stx1/stx2, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum, C. hominis). Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is measured via a combined disease activity score including faecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability: neopterin, α-1 antitrypsin, and myeloperoxidase in stool.

Enrollment

261 patients

Sex

Female

Ages

16+ years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Mother residing in an intervention or control compound of a previous sanitation trial (NCT02362932) for at least 6 months prior to recruitment and not intending to switch study compound over the next 9 months
Mother being pregnant and having gestational age between 3 and 9 months or being puerperal (up to 40 days postpartum)
Mother planning to use the prenatal care, delivery and vaccination services provided by the Ministry of Health of Mozambique
Mother able to understand and complete the informed consent process and allow your newborn to participate in the study
Mother at least 16 years of age
Infant eligible to receive rotavirus vaccination

Exclusion criteria

Infant whose medical team considers that they cannot be part of the study
Infant with complications associated with gestation, childbirth or postpartum, including congenital malformations
Infant with any medical, psychiatric or social condition, occupational reason, or other responsibility on the part of the pregnant woman, which, in the opinion of the investigator, is a contraindication to protocol compliance or impedes the participant's ability to give informed consent
Infant who has already received the rotavirus vaccine