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About
This clinical trial studies whether screening methods used to diagnose cancer of the prostate, lung, colon, rectum, or ovaries can reduce deaths from these cancers. Screening tests may help doctors find cancer cells early and plan better treatment for prostate cancer.
Full description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To determine whether screening with digital rectal examination (DRE) plus serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can reduce mortality from prostate cancer in men aged 55-74 at entry.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To assess screening variables, other than mortality, for each of the interventions including sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.
II. To assess the incidence, stage, and survival of cancer cases. III. To investigate the mortality predictive value of biologic and/or prognostic characterizations of tumor tissue as intermediate endpoints.
IV. To conduct biomolecular and genetic research into factors associated with cancer carcinogenesis and promotion, as well as the early detection of these factors.
OUTLINE: Participants in the overall PLCO study are stratified by screening center, gender, and age (55-59 vs 60-64 vs 65-69 vs 70-74). Participants are randomized to 1 of 2 arms (control vs screening).
ARM I (Control): Participants receive standard medical care. Participants complete a Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) at baseline.
ARM II (Prostate Screening): Participants undergo blood sample collection for PSA analysis at baseline and annually for 5 years. Serum that is not used in the study will be stored in an NCI biorepository. Participants also undergo a DRE at baseline and annually for 3 years. A scheduling and tracking procedure is implemented to ensure regular attendance at repeat screens for participants screened negative or for those who are designated suspicious or positive at screening but for whom subsequent diagnostic procedures do not reveal prostate cancer (follow-up diagnostic procedures are through their own medical care environment). Participants diagnosed with prostate cancer via a screening test are referred for treatment in accordance with current accepted practice for appropriate stage of disease, patient age, and medical condition; a procedure is provided for contact with qualified medical personnel to insure appropriate therapy.
Participants complete a Dietary Questionnaire (DQX) at baseline and DHQ at year 3. An Annual Study Update (ADU) (previously referred to as the Periodic Survey of Health [PSH] questionnaire) is mailed to each participant annually for 13 years to identify all prevalent and incident prostate cancers as all deaths that occur among both screened and control subjects during the trial.
After completion of screening, participants are followed up for at least 13 years.
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Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Exclusion Criteria:
Men who at the time of randomization are less than 55 or greater than or equal to 75 years of age
Individuals undergoing treatment for cancer at this time, excluding basal-cell and squamous-cell skin cancer
Individuals with known prior cancer of the colon, rectum, lung, prostate
Individuals with previous surgical removal of the entire colon, one lung, or the entire prostate
Individuals who are participating in another cancer screening or cancer primary prevention trial
Males who have taken Proscar/Propecia/finasteride in the past 6 months
Individuals who are unwilling or unable to sign the informed consent form
Males who have had more than one PSA blood test in the past three years
Individuals who have had a colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or barium enema in the past three years
Primary purpose
Allocation
Interventional model
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76,685 participants in 2 patient groups
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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